Macromolecules

Question 1

What is homeostasis? Give examples

Answer 1

A constant internal environment
Body temp (37)
Blood pH 7.4
Blood glucose level 100mg/mL

Question 2

How is homeostasis maintained? Give 3 steps

Answer 2

Negative feedback
1. Sensor detects upset in steady state
2. Signals in a control centre (brain receives message)
3. Activates effector and reverses the change

Question 3

All macromolecules are assembled and dissembled_________.

Answer 3

In the same way

Question 4

Give examples of macromolecules

Answer 4

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 5

Define dehydration synthesis.

Answer 5

Water = removed to join 2 sub molecules

Question 6

Define hydrolysis

Answer 6

Water = added to divide into 2 sub-molecules

Question 7

Another name for dehydration synthesis

Answer 7

Condensation reaction

Question 8

What are carbohydrates? Give examples

Answer 8

Form of glycogen
Simple sugars
Polysaccharides

Question 9

What do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 9

Carbon, hydrogen, O2

Question 10

Monosaccharides is ______.

Answer 10

One sugar ring
Ex. Glucose

Question 11

Disaccharide is ______.

Answer 11

2 monosaccharides/2 sugar rings

Question 12

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 12

Complex carbohydrates consist of many linked simple sugars?

Question 13

What are polysaccharides used for?

Answer 13

Energy storage

Question 14

Amylopectin and amylose are polysaccharides, what is there difference in shape?

Answer 14

Amylopectin = branch out
Amylose = doesn’t

Question 15

What’s are lipids?

Answer 15

Fats and oils

Question 16

What are fats and oils also called?

Answer 16

Triglycerides

Question 17

Made of what? (Lipids)

Answer 17

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 18

2 types of fatty acids

Answer 18

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 19

What are proteins assembled from?

Answer 19

Smaller subunits called amino acids

Question 20

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 20

Structural support, storage, transport, and cellular communications

Question 21

What are monomers?

Answer 21

“Building blocks”

Question 22

Examples of proteins

Answer 22

Enzymatic, defensive, storage, transport, hormonal, receptor, contractile + motor, and structural

Question 23

What’s a polypeptide?

Answer 23

A chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 24

Shape determines the function of the protein, true or false?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What happens with too much heat?

Answer 25

Damage the shapes of the protein (denature)

Question 26

What does the nucleus acids do

Answer 26

Directs the growth and development of all organisms

Question 27

What are nucleic acids consisted of?

Answer 27

Long chains if sub units called nucleotides

Question 28

Vitamins and minerals

Answer 28

Not macromolecules (not broken down)

Question 29

What are vitamins and minerals essential for?

Answer 29

Structure and function of cells

Question 30

Vitamins serve as coenzymes, true or false?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What do minerals enable?

Answer 31

Certain chemical reactions to occur and build bones and cartilage