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Bio IB > Digestive System Part 2 > Flashcards

Digestive System Part 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

5.5-6m

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2
Q

What is the physical digestion of the small intestine?

A

Segmentation (back and forth movement as peristalsis moves forward)

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3
Q

3 regions of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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4
Q

Is duodenum the most important site of chemical digestion?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What happens when chyme enters duodenum?

A

Releases hormone secretin which tells pancreas to release bicarbonate (acid neutralizer

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6
Q

What is villi that covers the surface of the small intestine?

A

Projections (finger shaped) that line the small intestine

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7
Q

What is villi covered with

A

Microvilli

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8
Q

What is villi called?

A

Brush border

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9
Q

What does chemical digestion in small intestine use?

A

Carbohydrates to digest disaccharides (sucrose, Maltase and lactase are the carbohydrases)

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10
Q

What is lactose intolerance?

A

Inability to produce lactase/last of lactase

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11
Q

What does the pancreas include?

A

Pancreatic fluid

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12
Q

What does Pancreatic fluid contain?

A

Bicarbonate
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin (proteases that digest small polypeptides into dipeptides)
Erepsin
Pancreatic amylase
Lipase

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13
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Receives chemical signal from duodenum called CCK (cholecystokinin) which tells liver to secret bile

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14
Q

What happens with a blockage of bile?

A

Leads to Jaundis

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15
Q

What do Bile salts do?

A

Help emulsify fats (physical digestion) by breaking larger fats into smaller fats

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16
Q

What does liver also store?

A

Glycogen (extra sugar)

17
Q

What is Jaundis?

A

Build up of a waste protein in blood due to lack of bile

18
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores extra bile from liver and injects it into the duodenum when fats are present

19
Q

What does carbohydrase include?

A

Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, sucrose, maltase, and lactase

20
Q

Proteases

A

Pepsin, trypsin, erepsin, chymotrypsin, and peptidases

21
Q

Fat digestion and absorption

A

Bile (emulsifies) and lipases (digests)
Lipids absorb into lymph system (lacteals run parallel to circulatory system)

22
Q

Look at answer (Nucleic acid digestion and absorption)

A
  1. Dna digested in small intestine by nucleuses from pancreas yields nucleotides (monomers of Dna)
  2. Nucleosidases hydrolyze nucleotides into bases, sugars, and phosphates which are absorbed by active transport into cells make DNA
23
Q

Look at answer (macromolecule digestion and absorption)

A
  1. All 4 macromolecules hydrolyzed through use of enzymes
  2. All are absorbed into bloodstream through active transport in the small intestine

Lipids = absorbed into lymph system which transports them to the circulatory system

All nutrients travel through hepatic portal vein leading to liver for detoxification

24
Q

Large intestine

A

Wider than small intestine but 1.5 m long

25
Q

Main functions of the large intestine

A

Concentrate waste
Support vitamin making bacteria (B12 - DNA metabolism, K - blood clotting, Riboflavin - metabolism)
Promote water reabsorption (90%)

26
Q

Colon

A

Ascending, transverse, descending

27
Q

Rectum

A

Stores waste until ready to be eliminated

28
Q

Anus

A

Controlled by 2 sphincters
-1 under our control
-Other under the control of the nervous system

29
Q

How is waste moved out?

A

Through peristalsis

30
Q

Hormones that regulate digestion

A

Swallowing, smelling, seeing, chewing, or tasting = cause production of gastric fluid

31
Q

What does secretin do?

A

Causes production of bicarbonate ions when acid enters small intestine

32
Q

What does Gastrin do?

A

Caused the production of HCl when stomach is stretched with food

33
Q

What does the Enterogastrone do?

A

Slows down digestion when lipids are present (signals release of CCK)

34
Q

Ulcers

A

Most ulcers are caused by acid resistant bacteria (helocobacter pylori)

Bio IB (6 decks)

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