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MED101 BIOLOGY > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are macromolecules?

A

Large molecules with complex structures

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2
Q

What are the 4 biological macromolecules in living organisms?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

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3
Q

What is the corresponding macromolecule to monosaccharides?

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

What is the corresponding macromolecule to fatty acids?

A

Lipids

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5
Q

What is the corresponding macromolecule to amino acids?

A

Proteins

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6
Q

What is the corresponding macromolecule to nucleotides?

A

Nucleic acids

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7
Q

What is a dehydration reaction?

A

2 monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

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8
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

A polymer is broken down to monomers through the gain of a water molecule.

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9
Q

Give an example of a monosaccharide.

A

Glucose/ Fructose

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10
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Made of 2 monosaccharides

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11
Q

Given an example of a disaccharide

A

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

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12
Q

What are oligosaccharides?

A

Composed of 20-30 monosaccharides

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13
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Composed by many glucose subunits

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14
Q

Give an example of polysaccharides.

A

Starch/Glycogen/Cellulose

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15
Q

What is the name given to the monosaccharide when the carbonyl is at the end?

A

Aldose

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16
Q

What is the name given to the monosaccharide when the carbonyl is at the beginning?

17
Q

What is the name of the covalent bond formed when a disaccharide is formed?

A

Glycosidic bond

18
Q

What are the 2 monosaccharides which form maltose?

A

Glucose + glucose

19
Q

What are the names of the 2 monosaccharides which form lactose?

A

Glucose + Galactose

20
Q

What are the names of the 2 monosaccharides that form sucrose?

A

Glucose + Fructose

21
Q

What are the 2 functions of polysaccharides?

A

Have storage and structural roles

22
Q

What is the major storage polysaccharide in plants?

23
Q

Where do plants store excess starch?

A

Amyloplasts

24
Q

What are the 2 polysaccharides amyloplasts contain?

A

Amylose and Amylopectin

25
Q

What is the storage polysaccharide in animals?

26
Q

Where do humans and other vertebrates store glycogen?

A

Liver and Muscle cells

27
Q

How is glycogen stored in humans?

A

Cytosolic granules

28
Q

What are the 2 structural polysaccharides?

A

Cellulose and Chitin

29
Q

What is the structure of a cellulose molecule?

A

Unbranched beta- glucose polymer

30
Q

What is the structural difference between starch and cellulose?

A

Starch is helical and cellulose is straight

MED101 BIOLOGY (6 decks)

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