Chemical Basis Flashcards
What is the reason behind goiter formation?
Iodine deficiency
What is the medical term for Iodine deficiency?
Hypothyroidism
What is the medical term for Iron deficiency?
Iron deficiency anaemia
What are isotopes?
Atoms that have a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons
What are some clinical applications of radioisotopes?
Disease diagnosis, Disease treatment, Assessment of disease severity and Treatment monitoring
What technology does the PET scan use?
Use of radioactive isotopes
How does the PET scan work?
Detects gamma rays emitted by a radioisotope (tracer) which is introduced to the body as a biologically active molecule
What are the 2 things electronegativity is affected by?
Atomic number and the distance of the valence electron from the nucleus
What is the electronegativity in a non-polar covalent bond?
The atoms have similar electronegativities
What is the electronegativity in a polar covalent bond?
The atoms have different electronegativities
What are anions?
Negatively charged ions
What are cations?
Positively charged ions
What are the two strong chemical bonds?
Covalent and Ionic bonds
What are the 2 weak chemical bonds?
Hydrogen and Van der Waals interactions
What two atoms do hydrogen bonds form between?
Hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom (oxygen, nitrogen or fluoride)
In a NaCl solution, between which ions/atoms do ionic and hydrogen bonds form?
Ionic bonds form between Na+ and Cl- and hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.
When are Van Der Waals interactions formed?
Occurs when transiently positive and negative regions of molecules attract each other
