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MCB 150 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids

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2
Q

What do all 4 macromolecules contain?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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3
Q

What are isomers?

A

molecules with the same chemical formula, but different structures and characteristics

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4
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

molecules that have the same atoms but, in different bonding relationships

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5
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

molecules with identical bonding but the atoms are positioned differently

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of stereoisomers?

A

enantiomers and cis-trans

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7
Q

What is the difference bw enantiomers and cis-trans?

A

enantiomers are mirror images, cis(same side) vs trans (different sides)

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8
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

when 2 smaller molecules are combined into larger molecule

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9
Q

What is a dehydration reaction?

A

removes a H2O molecule during a condensation reaction, builds a molecule

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10
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

breaks down polymers into smaller molecules using water

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11
Q

What bond are sugars held together by?

A

glycosidic bond

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12
Q

How does branching in sugars affect solubility?

A

less branch=less soluble

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13
Q

What properties do lipids have?

A

they are insoluble in water and nonpolar

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14
Q

How is a triglyceride (fat) formed?

A

glycerol is bound to 3 fatty acids, has ester bond

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15
Q

How is a triglyceride (fat) formed?

A

glycerol is bound to 3 fatty acids, and has an ester bond

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16
Q

what is a fatty acid?

A

a chain of carbon with a hydroxyl group at one end, differing in lengths

17
Q

what is the difference bw a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid?

A

unsaturated- C=C bonds, saturated- C-C

18
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

like triglycerides but the 3rd hydroxyl group has a PO4 linked, has a polar (philic) and nonpolar (phobic) end

19
Q

what is a steroid?

A

4 fused rings of carbon atoms and 1 or more polar hydroxyl fused to rings

20
Q

what is cholesterol?

A

a steroid with 1 hydroxyl group fused to the rings

MCB 150 (7 decks)

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