Macromolecules Flashcards
What are the 4 macromolecules
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic acid, & Lipids.
Carbohydrates
Structure: C6H12O6
Function: serve as a source of short-term energy or fuel which is then quickly made into ATP
Monomer for Carbohydrate
Monosaccharides
Example: glucose
Protein
Structure: made up of hundreds of amino acids
Function: form the structure of cells
Monomer for protein
amino acids
structure: building blocks for proteins
Lipids
Properties: don’t dissolve well in water or in blood
Functions: provides insulation and long-term energy
examples: fatty acids, steroids
Phospholipid
structure: phosphate head, fatty acid tail
function: a barrier to protect the cell
Fatty acids
types: saturated, unsaturated
Structure: saturated is a single bond and solid at room temperature; unsaturated is double bonded and liquid at room temperature
Function: influence cell tissue metabolism, function, and responsiveness to hormonal and other signals.
Glycerides
3 branches: monoglycerides,diglycerides, and triglycerides
Function: stores energy
Steroid
structure: 4-ringed backbone but differ in the attached side group
Function: reduces inflammation
Nucleic acid
Structure: made up of nucleotides
Function: carry genetic information
monomer for NA
nucleotides
Structure for monomer: made up of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen base
monomer nitrogen bases
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
Examples of NA
DNA,RNA,ATP
DNA
structure: 2 nucleotide chains called together to form a double-helix
