Anatomy of cells

Question 1

Channel Proteins

Answer 1

a transmembrane protein that have a hollow central pore or channel that allows water and small charged particles such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride to pass in and out. The bilayer is selective so these particles cannot freely enter or leave the cell because their charge makes them unable to pass through the bilayer.

Question 2

Cytoskeleton

Answer 2

Structure: A network of proteins that defines the shape of a cell
Function: helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization

Question 3

Centrioles

Answer 3

Structure: Centrioles come in pairs and is the area of the cell near the nucleus; Each centriole is a short cylinder made of 9 triplets of parallel microtubules
Function: Help guide the movement and separation of chromosomes during cell division

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Structure: Tubular-shaped structure
Function: Are responsible for making ATP, the universal carrier of energy within cell. Known as the powerhouse of the cell

Question 5

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 5

Structure: A set of membranous discs in the cytoplasm, usually between the plasma membrane.

Function: a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further packed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion.

Question 6

Lysosomes

Answer 6

Structure: sphere-shaped sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes

Functions: the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest components of the cell itself.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Structure: Large enzymes made of polypeptides. Made of a large and small subunit, each containing ribosomal RNA and protein subunits

Function: site of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

Structure: series of convoluted, flattened like membrane sheets that arise near the nucleus and extend across the cytoplasm.; contains ribosomes which make it rough
Function: production, folding, quality control and transportation of some proteins

Question 9

Smooth ER

Answer 9

Structure: tube-like structure

Function: synthesizes and transports lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Structure: Spherical-shaped organelle

Function: controls genetic information