Integumentary system Flashcards
What is the Integumentary system?
Another word for skin. The body’s outer layer, which weighs about 20 lbs.
Function of the integumentary system
Protection: Melanocytes are cells that produce melanin to protect against UV ray damage
Water Barrier: Keratin and oils in the skin reduce water loss through evaporation and form a barrier against water infusion
Temperature Regulation: Capillaries dilate to release heat and constrict to conserve heat. Sweat evaporation provides a cooling effect.
Function of the integumentary system pt2.
Vitamin D production: Sunlight converts cholesterol into vitamin D, which is essential for bone health
Waste elimination: Urea and uric acid are eliminated in sweat
Sensory Perception: Receptor cells transmit information about touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature to the central nervous system
What are the 3 layers of the skin in order from superficial to deep
Epidermis, Dermis, & Hypodermis
Epidermis
-The outer layer of the skin
-Composed of stratified epithelial cells
The epidermis does not contain a blood supply
-Contains merkel cells- touch receptors
-Contains epidermal dendrive cells- cells that initiate other cells to fight off foreign invaders (Bacteria)
-Layer responsible for skin color
-Contains 5 layers of tissues (From superficial to deep)
What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?
-Stratum Corneum- dead cells filled with keratin and constantly shedding. Replacing itself every 25-45 days.
-Stratum Lucidum- thick skin layer of dead cells only found on palms of hands, fingers, soles of feet, and toes
-Stratum Granulosum- live Keratinocytes become flatter and flatter making them tough and water resistant
-Stratum Spinosum- live keratinocytes become flatter and flatter making them tough and water resistant
-Stratum Basale - absorbs nutrients from dermis and produces live skin cells
What is the acronym for the epidermis layers?
Come Let’s Get Sun Burnt
Dermis
-Contains 2 layers ( papillary and reticular)
-Papillary layer- (superficial layer) contains capillaries and sensory receptors and take on a rigid pattern responsible for your fingerprint called dermal papillae. Dermal papillae create a connection between the epidermis and dermis and form mounds on hands and feet called dermal ridges (your fingerprint)
-Reticular layer- (deep layer) includes blood and lymphatic vessels, sweat and oil glands, muscles, hair follicles, and nerve endings
Dermis pt.2
contains collagen and elastic fibers, hair follicles, and sensory receptors for touch, vibration, pain, and temperature
3 sensory receptors
-Meissner receptors- detect light touch
-Pacinian corpuscle- detect deep pressure and vibrational changes
-Free nerve endings- respond to pain, light touch, and temperature variations
sweat and oil glands
Sudoriferous glands (sweat), Sebaceous glands (oil)
Sudoriferous glands
-Distributed throughout the body with high concentration in under arms, palms and soles of feet, and the forehead
-Sweat is odorless but when left on skin turns into an odor due to bacteria
-Sweat glands are activated to produce sweat when temperatures rise and evaporation cooling reduces body temperature
Types of sweat glands
-Eccrine glands: cover most of the body. Sweat is clear that contains mostly water that opens directly onto the skin.
-Apocrine glands: Located on genitals and armpits. Secrete milky fluid that secrete onto the hair follicles.
Sebaceous glands
-Located all over the body accept for palms of hands and soles of feet
Empty into hair follicles and directly on skin
-Produce oily substance called sebum
-Keep skin and hair soft and kill bacteria
Hair Follicles
-structure-Bulb-shaped and with an arrector pili attached on either side
-Hair color-Melanocytes in the follicle produce the pigment that gives hair its color. As a person ages, melanocytes produce less melanin turning hair gray or white
