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BIOL 1610 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks

A

Polymer

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2
Q

Repeating units that serve as building blocks

A

Monomer

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3
Q

Carbohydrate Monomer

A

Monosaccharide

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4
Q

Function: Fuel, carbon sources that can be converted to other molecules or combined into polymers

A

Carbohydrates

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5
Q

Strengthens plant cell walls

A

Cellulose

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6
Q

Stores glucose for energy (plants)

A

Starch

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7
Q

Stores glucose for energy (animals)

A

Glycogen

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8
Q

Strengthens exoskeletons and fungal cell walls

A

Chitin

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9
Q

Chemical bond of monosaccharides

A

Glycosidic linkage

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10
Q

Large biological molecules that are not polymers

A

Lipids

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11
Q

Fats, phospholipids, and steroids

A

Lipids

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12
Q

Components of fats

A

Fatty acid and glycerol

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13
Q

3 fatty acids combined to a glycerol

A

Triglyceride

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14
Q

Fatty acid with the maximum number of hydrogen

A

Saturated fats

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15
Q

Are saturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature?

A

Solid

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16
Q

Are unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature?

A

Liquid

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17
Q

Fatty acids with one or more double bond

A

Unsaturated fats

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18
Q

2 fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol

A

Phospholipid

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19
Q

Is the head of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophilic

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20
Q

Is the tail of a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

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21
Q

A boundary between the cell and its external environment

A

Phospholipid bilayer

22
Q

Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings

A

Steroids

23
Q

Used as signaling molecules and in cell membranes

A

Steroids

24
Q

Function: enzymes, defense, storage, transport, cellular communication, movement, and structural support

A

Protein

25
Q

Monomer of Proteins

A

Amino acid

26
Q

Unbranched polymer built from amino acid

A

Polypeptides

27
Q

Mainly hydrocarbon with no electronegative atoms in side-chain

A

Nonpolar amino acids

28
Q

Oxygen, Nitrogen or Sulfur on the end of the chain

A

Polar amino acids

29
Q

Negatively charged side chain

A

Acidic amino acid

30
Q

Positively charged side chain

A

Basic amino acid

31
Q

Chemical bond of amino acids

A

Peptide bond

32
Q

Unique sequence of amino acids

A

Primary structure

33
Q

Found in most proteins, consists of coils and folds in the polypeptide chain

A

Secondary structure

34
Q

Determined by interactions among various side chains (R groups) (Overall shape of polypeptide)

A

Tertiary structure

35
Q

Bond strengthening proteins structure

A

Disulfide bond

36
Q

Combining of multiple polypeptides to one macromolecule

A

Quaternary structure

37
Q

Loss of proteins structure

A

Denaturation

38
Q

Types of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

39
Q

Provides direction for its own replication

A

DNA

40
Q

Monomer of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

41
Q

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group

A

Components of nucleotide

42
Q

Cytosine, thymine, and uracil

A

Pyrimidines

43
Q

Adenine and guanine

A

Purines

44
Q

Single six-membered rings

A

Pyrimidines

45
Q

Six-membered ring fused to a five membered ring

A

Purines

46
Q

CUT the PY

A

Pyrimidines

47
Q

PURe As Gold

A

Purines

48
Q

Chemical bond of nucleotides

A

Phosphodiester linkage

49
Q

Function: Stores hereditary information

A

DNA

50
Q

Function: various functions of gene expression, including carrying instructions from DNA to ribosomes

A

RNA

BIOL 1610 (4 decks)

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