Macroevolution | Study Cards

Question 1

What is Macroevolution

Answer 1

Evolution at a larger scale across many populations

Deals with the origin of new species & lineges over a long period of time

Question 2

What is speciation?

Answer 2

The process for creating new species

Question 3

What is a species concept?

Answer 3

It’s what used to define a species

Question 4

What are the 2 types of species concepts?

Answer 4

1) Morphological SP

2) Biological SP

Question 5

What is a Morphological Species Concept

Answer 5

Characterizes a species based on body shape & structural features

Question 6

What are the con of a Morphological Species Conept

Answer 6

May not help to distinguish 2 closely related species that are very similar & may not represent 1 or more species

Question 7

What is a Biological Species Concept

Answer 7

When members of a different population can mate & produce fertile offspring in a natural enviorment

Question 8

What is the cons of a Biological Species concept

Answer 8

Not applicabale to asexual species & extinct species

Question 9

What is a prezogtic isolation method?

Answer 9

Prevents reproduction attempts & makes it unlikely fertiliozation will be successful

Question 10

List the 5 methods for prezogotic isolation

Answer 10

1) Ecological Isolation
2) Temporal Isolation
3) Behavioral Isolation
4) Mechanical Isolation
5) Gamete Isolation

Question 11

Describe Ecological Isolation

Answer 11

Species that occur in the same area, but occupy different habitats & rarely interact w/ each other

Question 12

Describe Temporal Isolation

Answer 12

Species living in the same area, but mate at different times of the day or year

Question 13

Describe Behavioral Isolation

Answer 13

When signals of ano species are not recognized by another

Question 14

Describe Mechianal Isolation

Answer 14

Different physical structures make mating impossible

Question 15

Describe Gamete Isolation

Answer 15

When individuals of different species mate, but fertilization does not happen b/c of incompatability between the sperm and the egg

Question 16

What is a postzygotic Isolation method?

Answer 16

Prevents hybrid offspring from developing/breeding

Question 17

List the 3 methods for postzogotic isolation method

Answer 17

1) Hybrid Inviablility
2) Hybrid Sterility
3) Hybrid Breakdown

Question 18

Describe hybrid inviability

Answer 18

Fusion of gametes, but fail to develop

Question 19

Describe hybrid sterility

Answer 19

Hyrbids are sterile

Question 20

Describe hybrid breakdown

Answer 20

When the second generation of hyrbids reduce survival or fertility

Question 21

What are the 3 modes for speciation

Answer 21

1) Allopatric SP
2) Symatric Sp
3) Adaptive Sp

Question 22

Describe Allopatric Speciation

Answer 22

One initial population is divided by a physical barrier and Natural Selection takes place on both sides creating two new species

Question 23

Describe Symatric Speciation

Answer 23

A population develops into 2 or more reproductiviliy isolated groups w/out geographic isolation

Question 24

Describe Adaptive Speciation

Answer 24

When many species evolve from a single common ancestor after they are exposed to different enviroments & resoures

Question 25

What could cause Symatric Speciation

Answer 25

Disruptive Selection & Chromosoal Changes (In plants)

Question 26

What could prompt Adaptive Speciation to happen

Answer 26

Promoted by new and varies niches & absence of competition (predators / other species)