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Biology Lecture Exam 1 > Evolution | Vocab > Flashcards

Evolution | Vocab Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evolution

A

Changes in the genetic composition of a popoulation during successive generations

“Descent with Modification”

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2
Q

Artistotle

A

Believed in the Scala Naturae + that non living things and living things were “fixed”, and did not change over time

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3
Q

Scala Naturae

A

Ladder like classifcation of nature from humans (top) to animals. Also included inorganic matter

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4
Q

Georges Curvier

A

Believed in the Theory of Catastrophism & was the founder of Comparative Morphology/Paleontology

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5
Q

Theory of Catastraphism

A

The theory that Earth has been largely shaped by short lived, violent events. After each catastrophe, God created more creations

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6
Q

Jean Baptise Lamarck

A

Proposed the theories of Use and Disuse + Inhertiance of Acquired Traits

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7
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Observed that plants and animals adapt to their own enviroments

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8
Q

Natural Selection

A

A process of how organisms better adapted to their enviroment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring

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9
Q

Natural Variation

Give an example

A

Individuals within the same species has genetic variations

Ex: Physical Apperance, metabolism, behavior

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10
Q

Heritability (Genetic Inheritance)

Give an example:

A

Traits that are passed unto offspring

Ex: eye colors, hair colors, height

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11
Q

Differential Survival

A

Many offspring do not survive due to low resources

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12
Q

Mathus Principle

A

When every generation produces more offspring than what can survive

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13
Q

Differential Reproduction

A

All organisms can produce more offspring than the enviroment can support, and the offspring best suited for the enviroment survive longer

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14
Q

Alfred Russel Wallace

A

Independently described a mechanism for biological evolution that was almost the identical to Darwins

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15
Q

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

A

Proposed that all life of Earth is related and evolved from a common ancestor

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16
Q

Fossil Evidence

A

Can trace the evolutionary ancestry of an organism + proves the extinction of a species

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17
Q

Biogeography

A

Deals with the geographic distribution of plants and animals

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18
Q

Homologous Structures

A

When organs or skeletons are similar enough to suggest their connection to a common ancestor

19
Q

Microevolution

A

Small changes in a population over a small period of time

20
Q

Macroevolution

A

Large changes within a species (across many populations) over a large period of time

21
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals of the same species

22
Q

Gene

A

Code for DNA that can code for a characteristic

23
Q

Allele

A

Varieities of a gene that you get from both parents.

24
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an individual

25
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical expression of an organism

26
Q

Gene Pool

A

Total genetic diversity that can be found within a population for a species

27
Q

Hardy - Weinberg Equilibrium

A

When neither gene or allele frequency changes in succeeding generation

28
Q

Genetic Mutation

A

Permanant alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene

29
Q

Gene Flow

A

The transfer of gene variation from one population to another

30
Q

Non Random Mating

A

When Individuals do not choose their mates randomly

31
Q

Assertive Mating

A

Individuals tend to mate with those of the same phenotypes

32
Q

Sexual Selection

A

Males compete for their right to reproduce + female choose the males with a particular phenotype

33
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Changes in the alleles frequency of a gene pool due to chance which leads to a reduction in genetic variation

34
Q

Bottleneck Effect

Give an example:

A

When there is a sharp decrease in population due enviromental events

Ex) disease, starvation, drought

35
Q

Founder Effect

A

A loss in genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.

36
Q

Directional Selection

A

Extreme phenotypes is most fit for an enviroment

37
Q

Stabalizing Selection

A

An intermediate phenotype is favored

38
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

Two or more extreme phenotypes over intermediate phenotypes

39
Q

Principle of Use + Disuse

A

The more an organism uses a trait within its lifetime the more it grows.

40
Q

Inheritance of Acquired Characterstics

A

An organism can pass on its offspring physical characteristics that the parent acquired through use/disuse

41
Q

Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell

A

Geological changes occurs slowly over long periods of time

42
Q

Observations by Charles Darwin

A

From Charles Darwin experinces on the Islands, he noted that each island had unique organisms that may have descneded from a single one

43
Q

Essay on the Principle of the Population by T.Mathus

A

States that not all species have exponential growth due to limited resources

44
Q

Hardy - Weignberg Equation

A

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Biology Lecture Exam 1 (10 decks)

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