Evolution | Vocab

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Changes in the genetic composition of a popoulation during successive generations

“Descent with Modification”

Question 2

Artistotle

Answer 2

Believed in the Scala Naturae + that non living things and living things were “fixed”, and did not change over time

Question 3

Scala Naturae

Answer 3

Ladder like classifcation of nature from humans (top) to animals. Also included inorganic matter

Question 4

Georges Curvier

Answer 4

Believed in the Theory of Catastrophism & was the founder of Comparative Morphology/Paleontology

Question 5

Theory of Catastraphism

Answer 5

The theory that Earth has been largely shaped by short lived, violent events. After each catastrophe, God created more creations

Question 6

Jean Baptise Lamarck

Answer 6

Proposed the theories of Use and Disuse + Inhertiance of Acquired Traits

Question 7

Charles Darwin

Answer 7

Observed that plants and animals adapt to their own enviroments

Question 8

Natural Selection

Answer 8

A process of how organisms better adapted to their enviroment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring

Question 9

Natural Variation

Give an example

Answer 9

Individuals within the same species has genetic variations

Ex: Physical Apperance, metabolism, behavior

Question 10

Heritability (Genetic Inheritance)

Give an example:

Answer 10

Traits that are passed unto offspring

Ex: eye colors, hair colors, height

Question 11

Differential Survival

Answer 11

Many offspring do not survive due to low resources

Question 12

Mathus Principle

Answer 12

When every generation produces more offspring than what can survive

Question 13

Differential Reproduction

Answer 13

All organisms can produce more offspring than the enviroment can support, and the offspring best suited for the enviroment survive longer

Question 14

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 14

Independently described a mechanism for biological evolution that was almost the identical to Darwins

Question 15

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

Answer 15

Proposed that all life of Earth is related and evolved from a common ancestor

Question 16

Fossil Evidence

Answer 16

Can trace the evolutionary ancestry of an organism + proves the extinction of a species

Question 17

Biogeography

Answer 17

Deals with the geographic distribution of plants and animals

Question 18

Homologous Structures

Answer 18

When organs or skeletons are similar enough to suggest their connection to a common ancestor

Question 19

Microevolution

Answer 19

Small changes in a population over a small period of time

Question 20

Macroevolution

Answer 20

Large changes within a species (across many populations) over a large period of time

Question 21

Population

Answer 21

Group of individuals of the same species

Question 22

Gene

Answer 22

Code for DNA that can code for a characteristic

Question 23

Allele

Answer 23

Varieities of a gene that you get from both parents.

Question 24

Genotype

Answer 24

Genetic makeup of an individual

Question 25

Phenotype

Answer 25

Physical expression of an organism

Question 26

Gene Pool

Answer 26

Total genetic diversity that can be found within a population for a species

Question 27

Hardy - Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 27

When neither gene or allele frequency changes in succeeding generation

Question 28

Genetic Mutation

Answer 28

Permanant alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene

Question 29

Gene Flow

Answer 29

The transfer of gene variation from one population to another

Question 30

Non Random Mating

Answer 30

When Individuals do not choose their mates randomly

Question 31

Assertive Mating

Answer 31

Individuals tend to mate with those of the same phenotypes

Question 32

Sexual Selection

Answer 32

Males compete for their right to reproduce + female choose the males with a particular phenotype

Question 33

Genetic Drift

Answer 33

Changes in the alleles frequency of a gene pool due to chance which leads to a reduction in genetic variation

Question 34

Bottleneck Effect Give an example:

Answer 34

When there is a sharp decrease in population due enviromental events Ex) disease, starvation, drought

Question 35

Founder Effect

Answer 35

A loss in genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.

Question 36

Directional Selection

Answer 36

Extreme phenotypes is most fit for an enviroment

Question 37

Stabalizing Selection

Answer 37

An intermediate phenotype is favored

Question 38

Disruptive Selection

Answer 38

Two or more extreme phenotypes over intermediate phenotypes

Question 39

Principle of Use + Disuse

Answer 39

The more an organism uses a trait within its lifetime the more it grows.

Question 40

Inheritance of Acquired Characterstics

Answer 40

An organism can pass on its offspring physical characteristics that the parent acquired through use/disuse

Question 41

Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell

Answer 41

Geological changes occurs slowly over long periods of time

Question 42

Observations by Charles Darwin

Answer 42

From Charles Darwin experinces on the Islands, he noted that each island had unique organisms that may have descneded from a single one

Question 43

Essay on the Principle of the Population by T.Mathus

Answer 43

States that not all species have exponential growth due to limited resources

Question 44

Hardy - Weignberg Equation

Answer 44

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1