Macroevolution and Human evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Proteins

A
  • a change in proteins can create new species
  • humans and monkeys have overlapping genetic material
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2
Q

Macroevolution

A

Large scale evolutionary changes

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3
Q

Life on Earth

A
  • Life has existed on Earth for 3.5 billion years. At around 1.5 billion years ago was when eukaryotic cells evolved
  • The question of abiogenesis is a matter of active research today
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4
Q

abiogenesis

A

the formation of life from non-living matter

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5
Q

Biodiversity

A

decreases in population slowly and gradually increases biodiversity

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6
Q

how does decreases in pop increase biodiversity

A
  • genetic dift, etc are corrlated with small pop size (bigger results)
  • if mass exicticntion occurs it will cause most adpated species to survive
  • whoever is left is gentically fit
  • not all is catalysmic (world damaging)
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7
Q

Phylogeny

A

evolutionary relationship between different groups of species of organisms

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8
Q

Cladograms

A

show the phylogeny of groups of organisms.
Use the presence of (recently evolved) traits to determine how closely organisms are related.

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9
Q

Gradualism

A
  • Small changes in species over time that accumulate
  • Appear very similar to ancestor
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10
Q

Punctuated Equilibrium

A
  • Overall, evolution is slow but is occasionally punctuated by periods of rapid change.
  • New species evolve rapidly, often in small isolated populations.
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11
Q

Primates

A
  • a small group of mammals
  • Large brains relative to body size
  • Forward-directed eyes
  • Flexible hands and feet
  • Arms that can fully rotate
  • Many have opposable thumbs
  • Most have tails
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12
Q

What makes humans different?

A
  • Large brain relative to body size; high ordered thinking
  • Hands capable of fine manipulation and coordination; fine motor movemnets
  • Bipedal; walking on two feet
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13
Q

Fossil record

A
  • Hip bones, feet, leg bones show if a species walked upright
  • Skull shows changes in brain size
  • Corroborating evidence includes creation and use of tools
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14
Q

Migration Routes

A
  • All early hominids evolved and lived in Africa.
  • H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens all migrated at different times in history
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15
Q

DNA remnants

A

DNA sequencing of Neanderthal bones have found there are small sequences of Neanderthal DNA found in some populations of modern humans

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