Intro to Evolution

Question 1

LECLERC DU BUFFON

Answer 1

-French scientist who studied anatomy, examining body structure and function.
-He was puzzled by features which serve no purpose.
-Example: why do pigs have an extra toe that doesn’t even touch the ground,
-Species had been created in a perfect form but changed overtime.

Question 2

Charles Linnaeus

Answer 2

suggested life changed overtime.

Question 3

Erasmus Darwin (grandfather of Charles Darwin)

Answer 3

thought that all life evolved from a original source.
There was no explanation around this time since there were no mechanisms.

Question 4

CHEVALIER DE LAMARCK

Answer 4

Proposed a mechanism for evolution of species through 2 principles

Question 5

Use and Disuse

Answer 5

structures that an Individual used, became larger and stronger and structures which weren’t used got smaller and weaker.

Question 6

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Answer 6

Individuals could pass characteristics onto their offspring that they had acquired over their lifetime.

Question 7

Issues with Lamarck’s Theory

Answer 7

traits can change over an individual’s lifetime, but it does not change their DNA or how their traits are passed on.
-For Example: a giraffe cannot “stretch” its neck over its life and pass on the trait of a longer neck to its offspring.

Question 8

ORIGIN OF SPECIES

Answer 8

• Charles Darwin made a book for species evolution.
  -He was worried he would get backlash so he prepared outline of his book and when he died he instructed his wife to publish it.
  -He was aware that his ideas could be controversial. so he continued to gather evidence and revise his work, he collected more evidence overtime.

Question 9

Alfred Russell

Answer 9

received a letter from a biologist named Alfred Russell outlining a similar theory, so Darwin felt nervous.
- He later published his book and it sold out on the first day.

Question 10

THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION TESTBOOK

Answer 10

• overtime population changes as advantageous characteristics become more common

Question 11

therory of natural selection infernces
textbook

Answer 11

• Individuals of certain populations compete for resources
• some individuals will inherit charteristics that give them a better chance of surviving and reproducing

Question 12

therory of natural selection obsrvations textbook

Answer 12

• in each gen, individual produces more offsrpint than there are adults
• population dont continue to grow in size
• food and many reosurses are limited
• indiudals within all populations vary
• many varations are heritable

Question 13

THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION

Answer 13

• the way in which the environment, or nature, favours the reproductive
  success of certain individuals over others
  -Evolution was just a result of natural selection occurring overtime.

Question 14

darwins theroy key observations

Answer 14

All healthy populations produce far more offspring than can survive
All individuals exhibited heritable variability

Question 15

darwins theroy conclusions

Answer 15

Some individuals will have better change of success than others
Their traits are therefore more likely to be passed onto the next generation

Question 16

“Survival of the Fittest”

Answer 16

• Herbert Spencer used the phrase “survival of the fittest” to describe the process of evolution
• misleading as it does not mean survival of the largest or strongest (fit) organism!
  -Its more based on reproductive success, the most fit organisms are the ones who have the most reproductive success.
  -You have a lot of offspring, and they survive and thrive.
  -The species that are able to adapt to change can survive!