Artificial Selection Flashcards
Biological Change Over Time
- species have genetic variation, helping with long term survival
- muation are the cause of genetic variation and new genetic information
- can be neutral, ahrmful or helpful
Types of Mutations
- Neutral Mutations provide no benefit or harm to the individual
-Like if the mutation is in “junk” DNA - Harmful Mutations reduce the reproductive success of the organism
- Like Turner’s Syndrome
- Beneficial Mutations produce a change that gives the individual an advantage
- Like Drug Resistant Bacteria
Impact on Human Health
- Some mutations have serious consequences on human heath
- irus carry genetic information even though they are not “alive”
- This means they also are genetically variable and therefore can change over time
- Sometimes these mutations can increase the viruses virulence or ability to spread
- Every year we try and predict these changes so that effective vaccines can be developed
Selective Breeding
-choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics
- Examples would include the domestication of dogs from wolves or wild sea cabbage to modern vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli
Domestication
changing of members of a species to suit human needs through controlled captive breeding
How Does artifical selection Work?
When a trait that is ideal is observed, that plant is chosen to reproduce
This means that that trait is more likely to show up in the next generation
Artifcal slection abornigal people
- Aboriginals domesticated the tomato they selected seeds from plants that had larger and tastier fruit
- These plants would be cross pollinated and therefore large and tasty tomatoes became more and more common over time
The Power of Artificial Selection
- Artificial selection can also produce individuals far beyond the natural variability within the original population
- For example no Chihuahua sized wolves
- This needs to be done carefully though because artificial selection can reduce genetic diversity
- This loss of diversity can make the populations more vulnerable to disease or extinction