Artificial Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological Change Over Time

A
  • species have genetic variation, helping with long term survival
  • muation are the cause of genetic variation and new genetic information
  • can be neutral, ahrmful or helpful
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2
Q

Types of Mutations

A
  • Neutral Mutations provide no benefit or harm to the individual
    -Like if the mutation is in “junk” DNA
  • Harmful Mutations reduce the reproductive success of the organism
    • Like Turner’s Syndrome
  • Beneficial Mutations produce a change that gives the individual an advantage
    • Like Drug Resistant Bacteria
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3
Q

Impact on Human Health

A
  • Some mutations have serious consequences on human heath
  • irus carry genetic information even though they are not “alive”
  • This means they also are genetically variable and therefore can change over time
  • Sometimes these mutations can increase the viruses virulence or ability to spread
  • Every year we try and predict these changes so that effective vaccines can be developed
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4
Q

Selective Breeding

A

-choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics
- Examples would include the domestication of dogs from wolves or wild sea cabbage to modern vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli

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5
Q

Domestication

A

changing of members of a species to suit human needs through controlled captive breeding

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6
Q

How Does artifical selection Work?

A

When a trait that is ideal is observed, that plant is chosen to reproduce
This means that that trait is more likely to show up in the next generation

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7
Q

Artifcal slection abornigal people

A
  • Aboriginals domesticated the tomato they selected seeds from plants that had larger and tastier fruit
  • These plants would be cross pollinated and therefore large and tasty tomatoes became more and more common over time
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8
Q

The Power of Artificial Selection

A
  • Artificial selection can also produce individuals far beyond the natural variability within the original population
    • For example no Chihuahua sized wolves
  • This needs to be done carefully though because artificial selection can reduce genetic diversity
    • This loss of diversity can make the populations more vulnerable to disease or extinction
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9
Q
A
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