Macroevolution

Question 1

changes within populations accumulate until individuals
from one group no longer recognize individuals from another group as potential mates or they are no longer able to produce fertile offspring

Answer 1

Macroevolution

Question 2

gene flow between biological species is
prevented by biological differences called reproductive isolating barriers (RIBs), also referred to as isolating mechanisms.

Answer 2

Reproductive isolation

Question 3

Patterns of macroevolution

Answer 3

I. Adaptive Radiation
II. Convergent Evolution
III. Coevolution
IV. Extinction

Question 5

occurs when an ancestral species diversifies into many descendant species that occupy different environmental niches

Answer 5

Adaptive radiation

Question 6

In adaptive radiation, each of the different ecomorphs /ecotypes (habitat specialists) displays _______________ that make the organism suited to the particular niche in which it lives.

Answer 6

physical characteristics

Question 7

The ____________ have the highest speciation rate of any vertebrate group, with more than 450
species having originated in the last 15,000 years

Answer 7

cichlid fishes

Question 8

Mammalian orders diverged from
one another during the _____________

Answer 8

Cretaceous

Question 9

Some very short branches imply
that some groups of orders __________________, which
is a characteristic of many adaptive
radiations.

Answer 9

diverged within a relatively short time

Question 10

is the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.

Answer 10

Convergent Evolution

Question 11

evolution of a similar adaptive solution in response to environmental
challenges from distinct ancestral phenotypes.

Answer 11

Convergent Evolution

Question 12

evolution of similar adaptive solutions in response to environmental challenges from similar ancestral phenotypes.

Answer 12

Parallel evolution

Question 13

return from an advanced to a more primitive character

Answer 13

Evolutionary reversal

Question 14

resemblance between different species has evolved because it is advantageous for members of one species to resemble another

Answer 14

Mimicry - a form of convergent evolution

Question 15

In protein-coding sequences, for example, the_______ positions in
codons evolve most rapidly, and the _________ positions most slowly

Answer 15

third ; second

Question 16

is reciprocal genetic change in interacting species, owing to natural
selection imposed by each other

Answer 16

Coevolution

Question 17

type of coevolution. two species evolve in response to
each other

Answer 17

specific coevolution

Question 18

type of coevolution. occurs when several species are
involved and their effects are not
independent

Answer 18

diffuse coevolution

Question 19

prey or host species evolves a major new defense, escapes association with a predator or parasite, and diversifies

Answer 19

escape and radiate

Question 20

refers to the number of species that would be expected to go extinct over a period of time

Answer 20

Background extinction

Question 21

many species became
extinct over a relatively
short time period

Answer 21

Mass extinction