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Liz's Hematology Module 1 > Macrocytic Anemias > Flashcards

Macrocytic Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular component impaired in megaloblastic anemia

A

Impaired DNA synthesis affecting all dividing cells of the body

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2
Q

3 general causes for impaired cellular component in megaloblastic anemia

A
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Folate deficiency
  • Drugs interfering DNA metabolism
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3
Q

Typical megaloblastic changes in RBC precursors in BM

A
  • Megaloblasts

- Asynchronous maturation

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4
Q

Typical megaloblastic changes in WBC precursors in BM

A
  • Giant forms

- Asynchronous development

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5
Q

Typical megaloblastic changes in PLT precursors in BM

A

Abnormal, not distinctive

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6
Q

Typical megaloblastic changes in RBC precursors in PB

A
  • Oval macrocytes
  • Tear drops
  • Howell-Jolly bodies
  • Cabot rings
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7
Q

Typical megaloblastic changes in WBC precursors in PB

A
  • Giant forms

- Hypersegmented neutrophils

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8
Q

Typical megaloblastic changes in PLT precursors in PB

A

May see giant platelets

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9
Q

Correlate BM findings in megaloblastic anemia w/ PB

- Cabot ring

A

Ineffective HP

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10
Q

Correlate BM findings in megaloblastic anemia w/ PB

- ↓ retic count

A

↑ ineffective HP

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11
Q

Correlate BM findings in megaloblastic anemia w/ PB

- Howell-Jolly bodies

A

↑ mitotic forms

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12
Q

Correlate BM findings in megaloblastic anemia w/ PB

- Hyperplastic BM → pancytopenic PB

A

Ineffective HP

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13
Q

Correlate BM findings in megaloblastic anemia w/ PB

- Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

↑ mitotic divisions of nucleus

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14
Q

Correlate BM findings in megaloblastic anemia w/ PB

- ↑ MCV

A

Delayed cell divisions

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15
Q

Correlate BM findings in megaloblastic anemia w/ PB

- Macroovalocytes

A

Delayed cell divisions and asynchronous maturation

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16
Q

Correlate BM findings in megaloblastic anemia w/ PB

- Teardrop cells

A

Crowding

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17
Q

Expected results in megaloblastic anemia

- Serum bilirubin

18
Q

Expected results in megaloblastic anemia

- Serum LDH

19
Q

Expected results in megaloblastic anemia

- Serum iron

20
Q

Function of intrinsic factor in vitamin B12 absorption

A

To absorb B12

21
Q

Site of intrinsic factor production in vitamin B12 absorption

A

Secreted by parietal cells of stomach

22
Q

Site of vitamin B12 absorption

23
Q

Storage organ for vitamin B12

24
Q

Extent of body stores for vitamin B12

25
Q

Clinical features vitamin B12 and/or folate share

A
  • Sore tongue (“beefy red”)

- Lemon-yellow skin…jaundice

26
Q

Megaloblastic anemia unique to neurological problems

A

Vitamin B12

27
Q

Most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Impaired absorption

28
Q

Defect in pernicious anemia leading to impaired vitamin B12 absorption

A

Inability of gastric mucosa to secrete IF

29
Q

How does D. latum or increased bacterial flora in GI tract cause a vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Competes w/ use for vitamin B12

30
Q

Site of absorption of folate metabolism

31
Q

Extend of body stores for folate metabolism

A

4-5 months

32
Q

Most common cause of folic acid deficiency

33
Q

4 causes of increased requirement of folic acid

A
  • Accelerated HP (hemolytic anemia)
  • Neoplastic disease
  • Growth
  • Pregnancy
34
Q

3 drugs that interfere w/ absorption of folate

A
  • Folate antagonists (chemotherapy)
  • Birth control
  • Anti-TB drugs (dilentin, AZT)
35
Q

RBC morphology expected to see in a patient w/ non-megaloblastic anemia

A
  • Round macrocytes

- Targets, stomatocytes, spur cells

36
Q

2 causes of non-megaloblastic anemia

A
  • Liver disease and/or alcoholism

- Reticulocytosis

37
Q

Physiological reason for presence of target cells in PB of a patient w/ liver disease

38
Q

Asynchronous maturation

39
Q

Intrinsic factor

40
Q

Transcobalamin II

Liz's Hematology Module 1 (15 decks)

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