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Liz's Hematology Module 1 > Erythrocyte Series > Flashcards

Erythrocyte Series Flashcards

1
Q

Progenitor cell from which erythrocytes are derived

A

CFU-GEMM (aka common myeloid progenitor)

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2
Q

Major function of mature erythrocytes

A

To carry Hb

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3
Q

Site of production of erythropoietin

A

Kidney

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4
Q

Stimuli for production of erythropoietin

A

Tissue hypoxia

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5
Q

Mode of action of erythropoietin production when stimulated

A

Tissue hypoxia → kidney secretes EPO → ↑ plasma EPO → acts upon earliest cell committed to erythroid series to differentiate into rubriblast

  • Also promotes early release of reticulocytes into BM
  • Also inhibits apoptosis (programmed cell death)
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6
Q

First cell identifiable as being in erythrocyte series

A

Rubriblast

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7
Q

Nuclear, chromatin, and cytoplasmic appearance on Wright stain
- Pronormoblast/rubriblast

A

N: Round to slightly oval
Chromatin: Fine
Cyto: Dark blue

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8
Q

Nuclear, chromatin, and cytoplasmic appearance on Wright stain
- Basophilic normoblast/prorubricyte

A

N: Round to slightly oval
Chromatin: Slightly condensed
Cyto: Dark blue

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9
Q

Nuclear, chromatin, and cytoplasmic appearance on Wright stain
- Polychromatic normoblast/rubricyte

A

N: Round
Chromatin: Quite condensed
Cyto: Gray-blue (hemoglobinization)

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10
Q

Nuclear, chromatin, and cytoplasmic appearance on Wright stain
- Orthochromic normoblast/metarubricyte

A

N: Round
Chromatin: Fully condensed
Cyto: More pink or salmon

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11
Q

Nuclear, chromatin, and cytoplasmic appearance on Wright stain
- Polychromatic erythrocyte/reticulocyte (retic)

A

N: None
Chromatin: None
Cyto: Slightly more blue/purple than mature RBC

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12
Q

Nuclear, chromatin, and cytoplasmic appearance on Wright stain
- Erythrocyte

A

N: None
Chromatin: None
Cyto: Salmon w/ central pallor 1/3 of diameter

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13
Q

Maturation stage for when Hb synthesis begins (evident by special methods)

A

Basophilic normoblast (prorubricyte)

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14
Q

Maturation stage for when Hb can be detected by light microscopy

A

Polychromatic normoblast (rubricyte)

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15
Q

Period of time, under normal conditions, that marrow retic remains in BM prior to release in PB

A

Remains a BM retic for 2 more days, unless an increased need for more RBCs (“stress” or “shift” retic)

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16
Q

Period of time, under normal conditions, that blood retics continue to mature in blood after its release from BM

A

Released in circulation and matures 1 more day before becoming fully hemoglobinized

17
Q

Size (in microns) of normal red cell

A

6-8 microns

18
Q

Lifespan of normal red cell

A

120 +/- 10 days

19
Q

Reasons for RBC senescence

A
  • All cells deteriorate overtime due to ↓ activity of many enzymes
  • B/c it’s non-nucleated, RBCs are unable to generate new proteins/enzymes
  • Depletion of enzymes leads to loss of normal biconcave disc shape → spherical (can’t circulate normally through small splenic cords) → phagocytized by RES
20
Q

Diminished delivery of O2 to tissues, as evidenced by pallor, malaise, and dyspnea; may be caused by blood loss, ↓ RBC production, or ↑ RBC destruction (shortened lifespan)

A

Anemia

21
Q

Natural cell death characterized by nuclear condensation and loss of cytoplasmic integrity; a mechanism that prevents proliferation of dysplastic or mutated cells

A

Apoptosis

22
Q

Abnormal increase of basophils in the blood

A

Basophilia

23
Q

macrophage derived from PB monocyte and is part of RES; 1-2 histiocytes/macrophages which store iron for Hb synthesis

A

Erythroblastic island (EI)

24
Q

Total mass of RBCs circulating in PB and their BM precursors

A

Erythron

25
Q

BM process of RBC production

A

Erythropoiesis

26
Q

Abnormal decrease in Hb content of RBCs so that they appear pale w/ larger central pallor when stained w/ Wright stain

A

Hypochromia

27
Q

Diminished availability of O2to body tissues, usually secondary to decreased lung capacity or decreased O2-carrying capacity of blood

A

Hypoxia

28
Q

Productionof erythroid precursor cells that are defective

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

29
Q

Conditions involving ineffective erythropoiesis

A
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Thalassemia
  • Sideroblastic anemia
30
Q

Describes Wright-stained RBC w/ normal color and normal Hb content w/in average cell Hb concentration w/in reference range; MCHC b/w 32-36%)

A

Normochromic

31
Q

Elevated retic count on PB film stained w/ new methylene blue dye or an increase in number of polychromatophilia

A

Polychromatophilia (reticulocytosis)

32
Q

Reticulocytosis indicates BM regeneration activity in ____ ____ or ____ ____ ____

A

Hemolytic anemia; acute blood loss

33
Q

Degradation of a cell where nucleus shrinks in size and chromatin condenses to solid, structureless mass or masses

A

Pyknosis

34
Q

Aging or growing old; RBC loses its deformability and is cleared by the spleen

A

Senescence

35
Q

Gray-blue RBC w/ increased diameter; require more than 1 day in PB to lose residual RNA and gain mature-looking reddish cytoplasm

A

“Shift”/”stress” retic

36
Q

Stain that colors living tissues or cells

A

Supravital stain

Liz's Hematology Module 1 (15 decks)

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