Macro level

Question 1

There are 4 models of community organizing. Please define them: locality development, social planning, social action, and social reform.

Answer 1

Locality development: work with community to solve a common problem at community/local level

Social planning: determine a range of solutions to problems and develop programs to solve them

Social action: assist community members who need assistance
- organizing a task force, spreading awareness through multiple media channels

Social reform: change social policy, form coalitions, bring organizations together

Question 2

There are four types of management approaches, they are scientific management, systems approach, contingency approach and human relations approach. Define them!

Answer 2

Scientific management: find one “best way” to perform each task, carefully match each worker to each task, closely supervise workers using reward and punishment as motivators and controls behavior

Systems approach: considers organization as a system composed of interrelated subsystems

Contingency approach: recognizes that organizational systems are interrelated with the environment and different organization relationships are needed depending upon the larger context.

Human relations approach: emphasizes creativity, cohesive work groups, participatory leadership and open communication

Question 3

Define formative and summative evaluations.

Answer 3

Formative evaluation
- examine process of delivering services, ongoing processes that allow for feedback to be implemented during service delivery

Summative evaluation
- examine outcomes of service, occur at the end of services to determine if objectives were met

Question 4

What are the requirements for experimental, quasi-experimental and single subject design studies.

Answer 4

Experimental
- requires a control group and randomized assignment

Quasi-experimental
- requires control group and does not require randomization (allows participants to self-select participation

Single-subject design
- explores how an intervention impacts a single person/individuals behavior (NOT a treatment group)

Question 5

In single-subject designs, what do (A) (B) stand for?

Answer 5

(A) = measures taken when treatment is NOT provided (baseline)
(B) = measures taken when treatment is being delivered