Macro Flashcards
They are considered as the simplest form of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
It is a monosaccharide that is the primary source of energy, as well as the only sugar that gives fuel to brain cells
Glucose
It is another name for glucose
Dextrose
It is another name for fructose
Levulose
It is a monosaccharide that is found in fruits and is considered as the sweetest of simple sugar
Fructose
It is a monosaccharide that is produced from lactose
Galactose
Table sugar, it is composed of glucose and fructose
Sucrose
Malt beverages, it is converted into 2 glucose units
Maltose
Milk sugar, it is converted into glucose and galactose in digestion
Lactose
It is composed of 3-10 monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides
It is composed of up to 10,000 units of monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
It is the most significant polysaccharide in human nutrition. Food sources include cereal grains, potatoes and other root vegetables
Starch
Polysaccharide that forms the framework of plants found in unrefined grains, vegetables, and fruits. Food sources include the stem and leaves of vegetables, seed coverings, skins and hulls.
Cellulose
Its food sources include fruits and are often used as base for jellies
Pectin
Animal starch, its food sources include mainly meat and sea foods
Glycogen
It is the process in which glucose is converted into glycogen
Glycogenesis
It is the process in which glycogen is broken down into glucose
Glycogenolysis
Normoglycemia refers to the normal blood sugar level which is?
90 - 120 mg/dL
It is the only hormone that decreases blood sugar levels
Insulin
T4 stands for?
Thyroxine
ACTH stands for?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Omega-3, Omega-6, and Lecithin are all examples of?
HDL
Artifical fats; small amount occurs naturally in meat and dairy products. Lengthens shelf life of food
Trans Fat
It maintains normal osmotic pressure
Albumin
It refers to a condition resulting from insufficiency of protein or energy or both in the diet
Protein Energy Malnutrition
Protein-energy malnutrition caused by recent severe food restriction; characterized in children who are thin/underweight for their height
Acute PEM
Protein-energy malnutrition caused by long-term food deprivation; characterized in children who are short for their age
Chronic PEM
A disease which is caused by lack of sufficient energy (kcalorie) intake. Characterized in children who are extremely thin, reduced muscle mass, skin and bones
Marasmus
A disease which is caused by lack of protein while consuming adequate energy. Characterized in children who have an appearance of more than sufficient fat stores in the stomach and face due to edema
Kwashiorkor
It is a group of unrelated organic compound found in food needed in minute quantities in the diet
Vitamins
