Basic Concepts in Nutrition and Diet Flashcards
It is the study of food and how the body makes use of it.
Nutrition
These are are chemical substances found in food to provide heat and energy, to build up and repair body tissues, and to regulate body processes.
Nutrients
The basic function if nutrition and diet therapy is to maintain life by allowing an individual to grow and be in a state of _____?
optimum health
Based on their chemical properties, nutrients are either?
Organic or inorganic
Based on their concentration, nutrients are either in?
Large or small amounts
Nutrients are classified based on their ______________ to the body’s physiological functioning
significant contribution
Those that furnish heat and energy are fats, carbohydrates, and proteins while those that form tissues in the body are _____?
body-building nutrients
These are nutrients found only in food
Essential Nutrients
It is any substance, organic or inorganic, when ingested or eaten nourishes the body, builds and repairs body tissues, supplies heat and energy and regulates body processes.
Food
It is the breakdown of food in the body in preparation for absorption.
Digestion
It is the condition of the body resulting from the utilization of essential nutrients.
Nutritional Status
It is a range of states with physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social components.
Health
It is the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions.
Health Literacy
It is a state of good health with optimal body function (requires good nutrition).
Wellness
It is a difference in health outcomes among subgroups often link to social, economic or environmental disadvantages.
Health Disparities
This is essential to good health
Adequate Nutrition
The nutrients in our body are in?
Dynamic equilibrium
Dietary intake & nutrient need should be?
individualized
It is the foundation of good nutrition and it should consist of a wide variety of foods
Adequate diet
This is brought about by a faulty diet and/or by conditioning factors like heredity, infections, ingestion of certain drugs and parasitism.
Malnutrition
It is the chemical process of transforming food into complex tissue elements and of transforming complex body substances into simple ones, along with the production of heat and energy.
Metabolism
A category of metabolism in which it breaks down molecules to obtain energy
Catabolism
A category of metabolism in which the synthesis of all compounds are needed by the cells
Anabolism
The unit of measurement for the energy that the body gets from food
Calorie
Fuel factor of carbohydrates and protein
4 calories per gram
The unit of energy commonly used in human nutrition
kilogram calorie (kcal)
It measures the total calorie content (total energy) available from food
Bomb calorimeter
Fuel factor of fats
9 calories per gram
The measure of energy in the metric system
Joule
1 calorie (kcal) is how many joules?
4.184 joule (kilojoules)
The energy value of one tablespoon of sugar (15 grams) is approximately how many calories?
60 calories
Required Energy Expenditure; It is the measure of energy needed by the body at rest for all its internal chemical activities which is approximately 1 calorie per kg of body weight per hour for an adult
Basal metabolism
Using the rule of thumb, find the BMR of a female who weighs 60 kg
1,296 kcal
This BMR formula uses information on weight, height, age, and sex
Harris-Benedict Formula
Using the Harris-Benedict formula, find the BMR of a female who weighs 60 kg, 165 cm tall and is 30 years old
1,387 kcal
Once the metabolic body size is known based on weight in kilograms, the figure is multiplied by 70, a value which applies to?
all animals.
Using the biologic body weight raised to 3/4 power method, calculate the REE of a man who weighs 65 kg
1,512 kcal
Using the WHO/FAO/UNU, calculate the REE of a man who weighs 45 kg
951 kcal
The more vigorous the physical work, the greater the?
calorie cost.
The kind of physical activity and the amount of time spent determine the amount of __________ the body uses.
energy
Mostly resting with little or no activity, 10 - 20%
Bed rest
Reading, writing, eating, watching TV , office work, sitting at work, 30 %
Sedentary Activities
Mopping, scrubbing, sweeping, gardening, carpentry, walking fast, standing at work, with moderate arm movement, sitting at work with vigorous arm movement, 60 - 70%
Moderate Activities
Cooking, washing dishes, ironing, welding, standing at work, rapid typing, 50 - 60%
Light Activities
Heavy scrubbing, hand washing, walking fast, bowling, golfing, heavy gardening, 90 - 110%
Heavy/ Severe Activities
