Basic Concepts in Nutrition and Diet

Question 1

It is the study of food and how the body makes use of it.

Answer 1

Nutrition

Question 2

These are are chemical substances found in food to provide heat and energy, to build up and repair body tissues, and to regulate body processes.

Answer 2

Nutrients

Question 3

The basic function if nutrition and diet therapy is to maintain life by allowing an individual to grow and be in a state of _____?

Answer 3

optimum health

Question 4

Based on their chemical properties, nutrients are either?

Answer 4

Organic or inorganic

Question 5

Based on their concentration, nutrients are either in?

Answer 5

Large or small amounts

Question 5

Nutrients are classified based on their ______________ to the body’s physiological functioning

Answer 5

significant contribution

Question 5

Those that furnish heat and energy are fats, carbohydrates, and proteins while those that form tissues in the body are _____?

Answer 5

body-building nutrients

Question 6

These are nutrients found only in food

Answer 6

Essential Nutrients

Question 7

It is any substance, organic or inorganic, when ingested or eaten nourishes the body, builds and repairs body tissues, supplies heat and energy and regulates body processes.

Answer 7

Food

Question 8

It is the breakdown of food in the body in preparation for absorption.

Answer 8

Digestion

Question 9

It is the condition of the body resulting from the utilization of essential nutrients.

Answer 9

Nutritional Status

Question 10

It is a range of states with physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social components.

Answer 10

Health

Question 11

It is the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions.

Answer 11

Health Literacy

Question 11

It is a state of good health with optimal body function (requires good nutrition).

Answer 11

Wellness

Question 12

It is a difference in health outcomes among subgroups often link to social, economic or environmental disadvantages.

Answer 12

Health Disparities

Question 13

This is essential to good health

Answer 13

Adequate Nutrition

Question 14

The nutrients in our body are in?

Answer 14

Dynamic equilibrium

Question 15

Dietary intake & nutrient need should be?

Answer 15

individualized

Question 16

It is the foundation of good nutrition and it should consist of a wide variety of foods

Answer 16

Adequate diet

Question 17

This is brought about by a faulty diet and/or by conditioning factors like heredity, infections, ingestion of certain drugs and parasitism.

Answer 17

Malnutrition

Question 18

It is the chemical process of transforming food into complex tissue elements and of transforming complex body substances into simple ones, along with the production of heat and energy.

Answer 18

Metabolism

Question 19

A category of metabolism in which it breaks down molecules to obtain energy

Answer 19

Catabolism

Question 20

A category of metabolism in which the synthesis of all compounds are needed by the cells

Answer 20

Anabolism

Question 21

The unit of measurement for the energy that the body gets from food

Answer 21

Calorie

Question 22

Fuel factor of carbohydrates and protein

Answer 22

4 calories per gram

Question 22

The unit of energy commonly used in human nutrition

Answer 22

kilogram calorie (kcal)

Question 23

It measures the total calorie content (total energy) available from food

Answer 23

Bomb calorimeter

Question 24

Fuel factor of fats

Answer 24

9 calories per gram

Question 25

The measure of energy in the metric system

Answer 25

Joule

Question 26

1 calorie (kcal) is how many joules?

Answer 26

4.184 joule (kilojoules)

Question 27

The energy value of one tablespoon of sugar (15 grams) is approximately how many calories?

Answer 27

60 calories

Question 27

Required Energy Expenditure; It is the measure of energy needed by the body at rest for all its internal chemical activities which is approximately 1 calorie per kg of body weight per hour for an adult

Answer 27

Basal metabolism

Question 28

Using the rule of thumb, find the BMR of a female who weighs 60 kg

Answer 28

1,296 kcal

Question 29

This BMR formula uses information on weight, height, age, and sex

Answer 29

Harris-Benedict Formula

Question 30

Using the Harris-Benedict formula, find the BMR of a female who weighs 60 kg, 165 cm tall and is 30 years old

Answer 30

1,387 kcal

Question 31

Once the metabolic body size is known based on weight in kilograms, the figure is multiplied by 70, a value which applies to?

Answer 31

all animals.

Question 32

Using the biologic body weight raised to 3/4 power method, calculate the REE of a man who weighs 65 kg

Answer 32

1,512 kcal

Question 33

Using the WHO/FAO/UNU, calculate the REE of a man who weighs 45 kg

Answer 33

951 kcal

Question 34

The more vigorous the physical work, the greater the?

Answer 34

calorie cost.

Question 35

The kind of physical activity and the amount of time spent determine the amount of __________ the body uses.

Answer 35

energy

Question 36

Mostly resting with little or no activity, 10 - 20%

Answer 36

Bed rest

Question 37

Reading, writing, eating, watching TV , office work, sitting at work, 30 %

Answer 37

Sedentary Activities

Question 38

Mopping, scrubbing, sweeping, gardening, carpentry, walking fast, standing at work, with moderate arm movement, sitting at work with vigorous arm movement, 60 - 70%

Answer 38

Moderate Activities

Question 39

Cooking, washing dishes, ironing, welding, standing at work, rapid typing, 50 - 60%

Answer 39

Light Activities

Question 40

Heavy scrubbing, hand washing, walking fast, bowling, golfing, heavy gardening, 90 - 110%

Answer 40

Heavy/ Severe Activities