Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CR2 > macocytic & haemolytic anaemia > Flashcards

macocytic & haemolytic anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

what is another name for vitamin B12

A

cobalamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the role of vitamin B12

A

synthesises myelin in the NS and assists in DNA synthesis so involved in cell metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can prolonged B12 deficiency cause?

A

severe and irreversible nervous system damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of anaemia does B12 deficiency cause?

A

macrocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how does methionine synthase use B12?

A

generates tertahydrofolate (THF) and methionine, THF is important in DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What effects does dietary folate help to reduce?

A

reduced DNA synthetic effects with dietary folate but not reduced myelin synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the main differences between vitamin B12 and folate B9?

A

B12 - water soluble, in meat eggs cheese animal protein, not destroyed by cooking, absorbed in ileum when bound to IF, stored for 3 years
folate - water soluble, in liver greens yeast, destroyed by cooking, absorbed in duodenum and jejunum, stored for 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how much B12 and B9 do you require?

A

1 microgram per day of B12 and 150 micro grams per day of B9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do anaemic symptoms and signs arise from a defieincy in folate or B12?

A

impaired DNA synthesis, cells don’t divide, overlarge red cells, increased destruction rate, get symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is B12 absorbed?

A

bound to protein in foods and released by stomach acid, absorbed by ileum after binding to IF which is produced by parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is pernicious anaemia?

A

B12 deficiency caused by absence or reduction of IF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does a blood count look like for B12 and folate deficiency?

A

low Hb
high MCV
low WVC and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does a blood film look like for B12 and folate deficiency?

A

oval macrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the biochemistry for B12 and folate deficiency?

A

high LDH

high bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the main causes for B12 deficiency?

A

nutritional - poor diet/vegan

malabsorption - gastric if pernicious anaemia or surgical gastrectomy, intestinal if crohns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is perinicious anaemia?

A 
autoimmune
more females
arian characteristics
blood group A
due to autoanitbody against parietal cells and IF
gastric atrophy, low IF, low acid
17
Q

what are the clinical features of perinicous anaemia?

A 
insidious (gradual onset but then fatal)
anaemia
glossitis (tongue inflamed)
mild jaundice
neurological symptoms (dementia, optic atrophy)
18
Q

what is the treatment for pernicious anaemia?

A

intramuscular B12 every 3 months for life

19
Q

what foods contain folic acid?

A

meat, vegetables, grains, nuts

20
Q

what are the causes of folate deficiency?

A

nutritional - old age, poverty, alcoholism
malabsorption - crohns, coeliac
excess utilisation - pregnancy, lactation, psoriasis

21
Q

what are the clinical features of folic acid?

A

same as pernicious anaemia but no neurological symptoms

22
Q

what is the treatment for folic acid deficiency?

A

oral folic acid

23
Q

what is haemolytic anaemia?

A

due to abnormal breakdown of RBCs - hawmolysis, shortened RBC survival

24
Q

how does haemolytic anaemia present?

A

pallor and signs of anaemia
jaundice
gallstones
splenomegaly

25
Q

what are the causes of haemolytic anaemia?

A

3 sites of pathology - membrane, Hb, enzymes

26
Q

how can the membrane be at damaged in haemolytic anaemia?

A

oxidising agents

antibodies against RBC membrane

27
Q

how can Hb be at fault in haemolytic anaemia?

A

sickle cell disease

thalassaemia

28
Q

how can enzymes be at fault for haemolytic anaemia?

A

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

29
Q

what is hereditary spherocytosis?

A

defect in RBC cytoskeleton so contracts and is not flexible and doesn’t have enough surface tension, poor flexibility means highly fragile so degrade easily

30
Q

what are the clinical features of heridtary spherocytosis?

A 
autosomal dominant 
haemolytic anaemia chronic
low Hb
high LDH
high unconjugated bilirubin
31
Q

What is G6PD deficiency?

A

RBC enzyme affected
Hb and RBC proteins oxidised and G6PD reverses deficiency
X linked

32
Q

what is the fate of G6PD carriers?

A

no symptoms unless RBCs exposed to certain foods, bacterial/viral infection, drugs - dapsone

33
Q

What is autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

IgG antibodies attach to RBCs and label for destruction and are removed by spleen

34
Q

how do you check if there is an antibody on a RBC?

A

direct coombs test/direct antiglobulin test

35
Q

What are the causes for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

50% idiopathic and 50% secondary

36
Q

what are the secondary causes for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

drugs- penicillin, methyldopa
connective tissue disease
blood transfusion

CR2 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions