Machinery Space Safety Flashcards
- a) Define the term “enclosed space”; (2)
b) State three areas on board a ship that would be designated as an enclosed space; (6)
John Willison IAMI Revision 43
c) Describe the procedure for the entry into an enclosed space. (8)
a) A space with restricted or limited points of entry and exit, with an atmosphere that is questionable of its condition, its oxygen level may be less than 21%.
b) Chain locker.
Cofferdams.
Fuel tanks.
c) Space should be tested for oxygen content of a minimum 21%, and explosive fume content measured. The space must be ventilated by an approved ventilation fan and trunk for a minimum of 24hours or 3 times air volume exchange.
Job details should be briefed with all persons involved with the works, all tools and equipment’s to be checked-catalogued and checked prior to entry. Suitable lighting and standby lighting inside the space.
Communication systems must be set up and tested with all persons involved, a backup means of communication must also be established. An alarm and evacuation procedure must be set up and practiced (enclosed space drill) prior to entry.
A competent officer must remain at the point of entry recording the persons within the space, times of entry and work practices. The atmosphere must be tested during working operations and the forced ventilation maintained at all times. Emergency and escape equipment must be readily available for immediate use at the point of entry
- a) State the meaning of the term enclosed space. (4)
b) Explain the procedure for preparation for entry into a cofferdam prior to an inspection. (12)
a) A space with restricted or limited points of entry and exit, with an atmosphere that is questionable of its condition, its oxygen level may be less than 21%.
b) Following a through risk assessment, job brief and permit to work the space must be thoroughly force-ventilated for a minimum of 24 hours.
All servicing pipelines to be sealed, locked and tagged.
The atmosphere within the space tested with a calibrated and approved atmosphere testing device the space shall not be entered if the O2 is less than 21%.
Rescue equipment, standby lighting to be gathered and assembled for immediate use. An alarm and escape procedure to be established and understood by all persons involved within and outside the space.
The communication systems set up and tested between all working parties, and persons in command.
Ventilation should continue at all times, all persons within to wear personal O2 meters, H2S meters and be familiar with their operation, the atmosphere should be test regularly during works.
- State the safety checks needed before using EACH of the following lifting gear: a) Wire strops.
b) Chain blocks.
c) Eye bolts.
d) Shackles.
a) That the appliance has been tested, no visible signs of damage and is correctly rated.
b) Tested, operates in both directions, does not slip, no visible damage and is correct size.
c) Tested, threads not damaged and correct size, correct weight rating, no visible damage.
d) Tested, of correct load rating, no visible damage.
- With reference to a steam heating coil in a fuel storage tank developing a leak: a) State how the leak would be detected; (4)
b) State the immediate action to be taken when the leak is detected; (4)
c) Explain how the leak may be traced; (8)
a) Boiler pressure loss. Rapid temperature change. Excess from settling tank water. Steam from tank vents. Fuel in hot well. Oil sensor in the condensate return. b) Divert the returns. Take samples from boiler. Call C/E. c) Check ER log to see if any of the steam heating coils have been turned on recently. Close both valves and allow the tank to cool down. Open the condensate drain valve and open the inlet valve to steam coil, if oil is seen in the drain valve then you found the correct tank.
- The steam heating coil in a heavy fuel oil service tank has a suspected leak. a) Explain how the fault may be detected. (8)
b) Outline a safe tank preparation and entry procedure to make a repair. (8)
a) Check ER log to see if any of the steam heating coils have been turned on recently. Close both valves and allow the tank to cool down. Open the condensate drain valve and open the inlet valve to steam coil, if oil is seen in the drain valve then you found the correct tank.
b) Shut down the purifiers.
Empty the fuel tank via the transfer pump.
All servicing pipelines to be sealed, locked and tagged.
Vent the tanks with the portholes open.
The atmosphere within the space tested with a calibrated and approved atmosphere testing device the space shall not be entered if the O2 is less than 21%.
Inform bridge about tank entry.
Ensue everyone has correct PPE and tank entry gear.
Risk assessment and permit to work are completed.
Ventilation should continue at all times, all persons within to wear personal O2 meters, H2S meters and be familiar with their operation, the atmosphere should be test regularly during works.
- Describe the routine checking of a compressed air breathing apparatus set.
The facemask and seal should be checked to ensure in good condition.
The supply pipe should be in good condition.
The pressure gauge lens must be clear and easy to read.
The whistle should be attached.
Check the certification on the back plate to ensure OK.
The bottle should be working at correct pressure, shouldn’t fall to 0 within 30 seconds. Ensure no leaks by sound.
Do pressure down test and ensure whistle sounds.
All straps are secure and in good condition.
- a) State four features which assist in the starting of lifeboat engines in cold climate conditions. b) Briefly describe TWO devices that control the rate of fall of a lifeboat when launched from standard davits.
a) Use of water grade diesel.
Use of engine sump and jacket heaters.
Keeping the engine enclosed so that it isn’t exposed to the elements.
The instillation of battery chargers with a constant trickle charge.
b) There is a hand operated break, which comprises of a weighted lever. The lever must be lifted by a member of personnel before the boat will move.
A centrifugal brake uses centrifugal force to connect two centric shafts, the driver and driven. As the lifeboat is lowered and the revolutions increase, weighted arms swing outward’s to engage with friction pads mounted on the inside rim of the housing, the friction slows the rate of fall.
- In order of preference, identify two types of portable fire extinguishers that may be used to fight a fire in the following shipboard cases:
a) The galley;
b) An accommodation space;
c) The machinery space control room;
d) The main electrical switchboard.
a) Foam, in the event of oil based fire.
CO2, in the event of a fire with live electrical equipment.
b) Water, in the event of a combustible materials fire.
Dry Powder, in the event of a fire involving live electrical equipment.
c) Foam in the event of an oil based electrical fire.
Dry Powder in the event of a fire involving live electrical equipment non-critical.
d) CO2 in the event of a fire involving live electrical systems that are critical. Dry Powder in the event of a fire involving live electrical equipment non-critical.
- a) With reference to contents and use, describe how a portable fire extinguisher is identified.
b) State, with reason, the type of fire extinguisher normally found in the engine control room.
c) List the actions to be taken prior to the operation of a bottled CO2 fire fighting system. (8)
a) When using Foam Fire extinguishers, aim the jet to the back of the source of fire building a thick blanket of foam over it.
b) CO2 due to its ability to be used on live electrical equipment whilst being non-corrosive.
c) All persons to be evacuated and accounted for.
All fans, ventilators and flaps to be closed.
Emergency generator started and all fuel supplies and machinery turned off within machinery space.
With the machinery space sealed, all persons accounted for and present the full quantity CO2 may be released.
- a) Name four types of portable fire extinguishers that may be found in the machinery space on board ships. (8)
John Willison IAMI Revision 46
b) State the Fire Classifications, including the type of material involved with EACH (8)
a) Dry powder Foam Water CO2 b) A – Wood/paper textiles. B – Flammable liquids and solids. C – Fires involving gases. D – Fires involving metals. ↯ – All electrical fires. F – High temperature cooking oils.
- a) Describe the maintenance required by each of the following fire extinguishers: i) CO2: (6)
ii) Dry powder. (6)
b) Describe the routine inspections of the portable fire extinguishers found in the machinery spaces (4)
a)
i) Check the hoses are not perished.
Check the weight of the bottle within 10% of stated volume.
Check the bottle for visible damage.
ii) Weigh the appliance for stated weight.
Check the CO2 canister for damage.
Rotate the canister 180O and shake to free powder.
b) Fire detector heads and call points should be tested on a rotation weekly, with different sensors and call points every week. All detectors and call points should be tested over a month.
- a) Describe the immediate action that should be taken in the event of discovering a fire in the accommodation spaces, whilst as sea. (8)
b) Briefly describe the organisation of the two emergency parties on board a ship. For each party define who is in charge, the responsibility of each party and how the efforts of each party are co-ordinated. (8)
a) Sound the alarm, state the location of the fire, the type and if any casualties. Close all doors, windows and vents leading to the location of fire if possible. Isolate the electrical supply and close dampers to reduce risk of spreading. If possible, use a portable fire extinguisher to tackle the fire.
If not, go to muster station and tackle the fire.
b) The Chief Officer will brief all parties and remain in command at the scene. The 2nd Engineer is in charge of the fire party, their role is to extinguish and prevent the spread of the fire.
The 2nd Officer is in charge of the stand-by team, their role is to take care of first aid responsibilities and be on hand to help anywhere needed.
- a) List four different types of fire detector heads that may be fitted to the fire detection system. (4)
John Willison IAMI Revision 47
b) Briefly describe the operation of three of the fire detector heads listed in part a). (12)
a) Heat detector.
Optical smoke detector.
IR flam detector.
Rate of rise.
b) Heat detector, a thermistor is fitted within the device, once heat is applied its electrical resistance changes beyond a pre-determined value, creating an alarm.
Optical smoke detectors relay on the smoke particles to obstruct an IR or other light source within the device, obstructing the light sensor thus causing an alarm.
IR flame detectors work by sensing a flame, flickering at less than 25Hz and after a time delay of 5-20 seconds an alarm sounds.
- a) Describe four classes of fire indicating which fire fighting media should be used to extinguish each. (8)
b) State the document that indicates the location of the fire extinguishers on board a vessel. (2) c) State three places where the document stated in Q d) would be found. (6)
a) A – Wood/paper textiles. Water, foam, dry powder and wet chemical.
B – Flammable liquids and solids. Foam, dry powder and CO2.
C – Fires involving gases. Dry powder.
D – Fires involving metals. Special powder.
↯ – All electrical fires. CO2 and dry powder.
F – High temperature cooking oils. Wet chemical.
b) Ship fire plan.
c) The Bridge.
The ECR.
Accommodation.
- Describe the procedure and the frequency of the maintenance for the fire detection system.
Weekly, at least one manual-call-point break glass should be activated, as well as smoke and or heat detectors. The same points should not be tested each week. The number and the condition of the detector or call point should be logged and a sounder should not operate for longer than 10 seconds. The smoke detectors are tested with simulating a fire by using a canister of smoke.
