Machiavelli_Updated_Flashcards
What is Machiavelli’s concept of virtù?
Virtù refers to qualities like reason, courage, intelligence, and decisiveness necessary for political success. It differs from traditional virtue as it can include cruelty aimed at stability.
How does virtù relate to fortuna?
Virtù enables leaders to manage fortuna (fate), which is unpredictable but can be directed through decisive and bold actions.
What is instrumental rationality, and how does it relate to virtù?
Instrumental rationality focuses on achieving goals effectively, even through immoral means. It ties to virtù by justifying actions that secure stability and power.
Why does Machiavelli prioritize fear over love in leadership?
Fear is more reliable than love because people are fickle and ungrateful. A prince must avoid being hated by not taking property or being excessively cruel.
How should a prince balance cruelty and clemency?
Cruelty should be strategic and limited to prevent greater violence. A prince should inspire fear without inciting hatred.
What is Machiavelli’s view of human nature?
He views humans as ungrateful, fickle, and self-interested, requiring laws and force to restrain them.
How does Machiavelli recommend managing political passions?
Leaders must control love, fear, and hatred strategically to maintain authority and political stability.
What is the difference between principalities and republics in Machiavelli’s works?
Principalities require pragmatic leaders who use force and deception, while republics thrive on civic virtue, good leadership, laws, and education.
Why is liberty important in a republic?
Liberty fosters growth and wealth, allowing cities to thrive while avoiding tyranny.
What does Machiavelli say about the use of violence and deception in politics?
Violence and deception are necessary tools for maintaining power and ensuring stability, as shown in Cesare Borgia’s actions.
How did Cesare Borgia exemplify Machiavelli’s principles?
Borgia used tactical violence, like the public execution of Remirro de Orco, to establish order and consolidate power.
What are “armed prophets,” and why does Machiavelli favor them?
Armed prophets use force to maintain authority, unlike unarmed prophets who rely on persuasion. Armed prophets succeed because people are difficult to keep persuaded.
What are the main challenges for a new prince, and how should he address them?
Managing former rulers’ supporters, building a new administration, and addressing those accustomed to liberty. Solutions include eliminating enemies, colonization, and creating new institutions.
Why does Machiavelli prefer colonization over maintaining a military presence?
Colonization is cost-effective, less irritating to locals, and secures control by scattering potential threats.
How does Machiavelli’s advice differ from traditional “mirrors for princes”?
Traditional advice emphasizes morality and virtue, while Machiavelli prioritizes realism and effectiveness, even if it requires immoral actions.
