Mace - Acid Base Flashcards
⅔ of body’s fluid is __
and ⅓ is __
intracellular
extracellular
what is found inside the cell (4)
K+
Mg
phosphate
negatively charged protein
what is found outside the cell (4)
Na
Ca
Cl
bicarb
there is little or no __ outside the ell
protein
where is most of the body’s water found
intracellular
insensible fluid losses
expired air → 300 mL
sweat → 100 mL
cutaneous transpiration → 400 mL
sensible fluid losses
feces → 200 mL
urine → 500 mL
urine → 1,500 mL
500 mL of urine loss is __
1,000 mL of urine loss is __
obligatory
facultative
> 90% of fluid input is
food and drink (normal)
also IV fluids (clinical)
sources of fluid output (3)
normal obligatory fluid loss
abnormal fluid loss
hormonally controlled fluid loss
what 3 hormones cause decreased urine output
angiotensin II
ADH
aldosterone
what hormone increases urine output
ANP
long term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated w.
a. cooling of the mouth
b. distention of the stomach by ingested water
c. a drop in blood osmolarity
d. moistening of the mouth
e. increased salivation
c. a drop in blood osmolarity
2 types of fluid deficiency
hypovolemia
dehydration
hypovolemia is __ osmolarity
dehydration is __ osmolarity
constant
increased
hypovolemia (constant osmolarity) is caused by (3)
hemorrhage
chronic vomiting
burn
why does sweat cause increased osmolarity
more water loss than Na
fluid excesses (2)
hypervolemia
hypotonic hydration
hypervolemia is __
hypotonic hydration is __ osmolarity
isotonic
decreased osmolarity
in terms of water imbalance, pleural effusion and hematoma are examples of __
fluid sequestration
in which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema
a. intracellular fluid
b. transcellular fluid
c. tissue (interstitial fluid)
d. blood plasma
e. lymph
tissue (interstitial fluid)
net osmolarity of intracellular and extracellular fluid
300 mOsm/L
