Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophys Final > Mace Acid Base > Flashcards

Mace Acid Base Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular fluid is _____ of the total fluid

A

2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What ions does the intracelluar fluid contain?

A

K+, Mg2+, PO43- & negatively charged proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Extracellular fluid is _____ of the total fluid

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What ions does the extracelluar fluid contain?

A

with sodium, calcium, chloride, bicarb and little or no protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What ions does plasma contain?

A

with sodium, calcium, chloride, bicarb AND protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do we regulate intracellular or extracellular fluid?

A

extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is most of the body’s water found?

a. In the blood
b. Outside the cells (tissue/interstitial fluid)
c. Inside the cells (intracellular)
d. In the lymph

A

c. Inside the cells (intracellular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is fluid intake? How many mL/day?

A

food and drink and metabolic water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is fluid output? How many mL/day?

A

broken down into what we can control and varies from day to day and things we cannot control (expired air, sweat, and cutaneous transpiration) && Fluid loss like feces and urine (have an involuntary component) but we can control by our intake of water and amount we move around. Can also regulate with hormones like angiotension, aldo, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Measurable fluid loss and includes fluid lost in feces and urine

A

Sensible water loss

*contains obligatory and facultative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Immeasurable water loss includes expired air and fluid lost from the skin

A

Insensible water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Loss of water that always occurs, regardless of the state of hydration in the body, feces and urine. Cutaneous transpiration, sweat and expired air

A

Obligatory water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Controlled water loss through regulation of the amount of urine expelled from the body

A

Facultative water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples of abnormal fluid loss?

A

Vomiting and hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What hormones decreases urine output?

A
  • Ang II
  • ADH: conserve the fluid volume of yourbodyby reducing the amount ofwaterpassed out in the urine
  • Aldo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What increases urine output?

A

ANP because it causes increased renalexcretionof salt and water, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Long term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with

a. Cooling of the mouth
b. Distention of the stomach by ingested water
c. A drop in blood osmolarity
d. Moistening of the mouth
e. Increased salivation

A

c. A drop in blood osmolarity

**key word is long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to the osmolarity in hypovolemia?

A

You lose blood as a whole but osmolarity remains CONSTANT

-hemorrhage, chronic vomit, burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to the osmolarity in dehydration?

A

INCREASED osmolarity (sweat = more water loss than salt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to the extracellular fluid in hypervolemia?

A

ECF remains isotonic and you have a whole lot more fluid (IV fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens to the osmolarity of ECF in hypotonic hydration?

A

ECF decreased osmolarity can lead to cerebral edema (water toxicity- intake too high)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is fluid sequestration?

A

Where fluid is being sequestered to another compartment like in pleural effusion or hematoma that is taking up fluid in a component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
In which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema?
a. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Transcellular fluid
c. Tissue (interstitial) fluid
d. Blood plasma
lymph
A

c. Tissue (interstitial) fluid

24
Q

What two ions are dominant in the blood plasma and ICF?

A

sodium and chloride

25
Q

Are the blood plasma and ICF equal in osmolarity?

A

yes (300)

26
Q

What is the dominant ion inside the cell?

A

K+

27
Q

Why is there almost no calcium in the intracellular fluid compared to the blood plasma?

A

Its sequestered into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

When there is a decreased H20 or increased Na concentration (blood plasma hypertonic), what happens to the movement of water?

A

Water moves out of the ICF of the cell and into the plasma by osmosis

29
Q

When there is an increased H20 or increased Na concentration (blood plasma hypotonic), what happens to the movement of water?

A

Water moves out of the blood plasma and into the cell (ICF)

30
Q

This hormone retains Na+ and water & Maintains Na+
blood plasma
concentration

A

Aldosterone

31
Q

This hormone retains water and Decreases Na+
blood plasma
concentration

A

ADH

A damn holding

32
Q

This hormone Increases
excretion of
Na+ and H2O and Decreases Na+ blood plasma
concentration

A

ANP

A Nasty Pee

33
Q

What are blood K+ levels dependent upon?

A

K+ levels, H+ levels and insulin

34
Q

How does k+ go into and out of the cell?

A

NOT osmosis but by K+ leak channels

35
Q

How does K+ maintain blood pH?

A

If blood H+ increases, H+ enters cells and K+ exits cells (going into blood). If blood H+ decreases, H+ exits cells and K+ enters cells.

*they are opposite of each other

36
Q

How does K+ maintain blood K+ following a meal?

A

Insulin increases the movement of both glucose and K+ into the cells from the blood

37
Q

What is aldosterone’s role in maintaining potassium?

A

Causes K+ secretion by kidneys (and
excretion in urine)
&
Decreases K+ blood plasma concentration

38
Q

Why is chloride important?

A

It is the counter ion of Na+ (because of its - charge) and it is important in ECF and influence on pH regulation. Also important in stomach and iron solubility

39
Q

What is the function of calcium?

A

Skeletal strength, muscle contraction, NT release, blood clotting, poly sperm blockage

40
Q

What is the distribution and regulation of calcium?

A

PTH, calcitriol, calcitonin

41
Q

What happens in hypercalcemia?

A

Alkalosis, weaken muscles decreased Na permeability

42
Q

What happens in hypocalcemia?

A

increase Na permeability

43
Q

What is the role of phosphates?

A

High in ICF, Fxn: buffer of pH, activates metabolic pathways (ADP, AMP, inorganic phosphates),
Building block of nucleotides

Regulation: PTH

44
Q

What is the role of magnesium?

A

2nd most abundant cation in ICF, co-factor of enzymes,

required for muscle relaxation, lost in sweat and urine

45
Q

What is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume?

a. Intracellular K+
b. Extracellular Na+
c. Intracellular Ca2+
d. Extracellular Cl-
e. Intracellular PO43-

A

b. Extracellular Na+

determines where water goes

46
Q

What cells function in an acidic state?

A

Type A intercalated cells in collecting duct function in the acidic state
-Allow H+ excretion in the urine and HCO3- reabsorbed in blood

47
Q

What cells function in an alkaline state?

A

Type B intercalated cells function in the alkaline state.

HCO3- secreted into the urine. H+ is reabsorbed to the blood through a different cell type in the collecting duct of the kidney

48
Q

What is the most efficient physiological buffer in our body?

A

Kidneys

49
Q

What is the fastest physiological buffer in our body?

A

lung

50
Q

What are three major buffers within the fluids?

A

carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions (ECF), phosphate buffer system (ICF), protein buffer system (ICF)

51
Q

Bicarb is regulated by the _______

A

kidneys

52
Q

In a normal state, there is _______ amounts of bicarb and carbonic acid in our blood

A

equal

53
Q

In respiratory acidosis, not blowing off a lot of CO2 so what do the kidneys start to do?

A

Conserve bicarb, releasing less

54
Q

In respiratory alkalosis, blowing off too much CO2 so what do the kidneys start to do?

A

low carbonic acid so kidneys excrete more bicarb

55
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_represents the complete chemical equation for the bicarbonate buffer
A.CO2 + H2O  H2CO3  HCO3- + H+ 
B.CO2 + H2O  HCO3- + H+  H2CO3 
C.H2CO3  CO2 + H2O  HCO3- + H+ 
D.H2CO3  HCO3- + H+ 
E.CO2 + H2O  HCO3- + H+
A

A.CO2 + H2O  H2CO3  HCO3- + H+

56
Q

IF excess hydrogen ions are added to the blood, the body will respond by

a. Increased respiration and reabsorption of bicarbonate ions
b. Increased respiration and excretion of bicarbonate ions
c. Decreased respiration and excretion of hydrogen ions
d. Decreased respiration and reabsorption of hydrogen ions

A

a. Increased respiration and reabsorption of bicarbonate ions

Pathophys Final (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions