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Tools for Energy & Material Analysis > MACC analysis > Flashcards

MACC analysis Flashcards

1
Q

MACC

A

marginal abatement cost curve

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2
Q

what is a MACC

A

a visualization of CO2 potential and its costs

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3
Q

Cost in MACC

A

difference in cost with reference situation

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4
Q

negative cost for specific cost

A

are cost effective options

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5
Q

barriers that prevent from cost effective options to be implemented

A
  • higher upfront costs
  • limited access to capital
  • unknown options
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6
Q

How many points of attention do MACCs have?

A

11

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7
Q

why is cost perspective a point of attention?

A

MACC results can be very sensitive to the cost perspective chosen

Social vs. private perspective

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8
Q

Why is lifetime a point of attention in a MACC

A
  1. different lifetime give different costs

2. different lifetime give a different potential

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9
Q

What happends to the cost of a MACC if we increase the lifetime

A

specific costs will be lower because there is a longer period to spread those costs over

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10
Q

Why does lifetime influence the potential of a MACC

A

if it is based on a deployment potential, the lifetime influences stock turnover

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11
Q

Why is lock-in in frozen technology a point of attention in MACCs?

A

Often there is not enough data on how they determined the BAU potential, so a Frozen baseline has to be used.
Policy makers don’t understand what a frozen baseline is.

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12
Q

What is the danger zone in a MACC

A

The cost effective options

  • It is often unclear that negative is a good thing
  • There is no ranking in MACC, therefore it might look like something with a very high cost-efficiency is better, but that says nothing about the co2 reduction.
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13
Q

Why is demand side competition a point of attention in MACCs

A

some technologies share the same market, therefore implementing them both does mean you cannot add up their potential since they are in competition

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14
Q

How to deal with competing options at the demand side?

A
  • divide market between technologies based on expert guess

- adopt a moving reference approach

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15
Q

What is a moving reference approach in MACC

A

option 1 becomes the reference for option 2

option 2 having somewhat better performance characteristics

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16
Q

How to deal with competing options at the demand side?

A
  • 50/50 market share
  • moving reference technology
  • leaving option 1 out of the MACC
17
Q

What are stacking options in a MACC

A

options that when implementing them reduce the potential of another otion

18
Q

What is a solution to the stacking option problem

A

Show a combination of these options and their costs in a package

19
Q

Why is competition between supply and demand a point of attention in a MACC

A

Because taking measures at the demand side, influence the demand for the supply side

20
Q

An example of competition between supply and demand side

A

electricity production vs. electricity savings

21
Q

What are the 3 solutions to dealing with supply vs demand side problems

A
  • neglect interaction
    (this will overestimate supply side potential and therefore not recommended.)
  • follow trias energetica
  • Scenario approach
22
Q

What is the scenario approach in a MACC

A

start with the cheapest demand side options. when the demand side options get expensive switch to doing supply side options

23
Q

Why is supply side competition a point of attention in MACCs

A

Multiple options are competing for the same demand. An solution would be the scenario approach

24
Q

Why is CO2 intensity of electricity a point of attention in a MACC

A
  • for energy saving options the CO2 intensity determines how much reduction potential a technology has
  • since the specific costs in costs/CO2, the CO2 potential partly determines how high or low the specific costs are
25
Q

Why is Dependent potentials a point of attention in MACCs

A

There is cost reduction potential through learning. If the first version of a technology is not installed, there will be no chance to install the second or third option.

26
Q

solution to dependent potentials in MACC

A

choose an weighted average marginal cost option

27
Q

What are downsides to a weighted average marginal cost option?

A

In the beginning the marginal costs will be much higher then projected

At the end the marginal costs will be lower then projected

28
Q

MACC = snapshot

A
  • it only shows the result of technology diffusion in the target period
  • it does not show early stage of diffusion in case of technologies with short lifetimes
29
Q

Why are energy prices a point of attention in MACCs

A

Energy prices influence the cost and benefits in a MACC

30
Q

What is an uncertainty about energy prices in a MACC

A

Long term energy prices are not straightforward

Tools for Energy & Material Analysis (8 decks)

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