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MA test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of medication

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

the study of how the medications move within the body

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3
Q

What does pharmacokinetics involve?

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

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4
Q

What are the 6 Rights of Medication Administration

A

Right Patient
Right Medication
Right Dose
Right Route
Right time
Right Documentation

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5
Q

Contraindications

A

cautions used when taking certain drugs

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6
Q

How often is a new PDR available?

A

each year

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7
Q

What does the Physicians Desk Reference include?

A
  • current detailed information about 1,000s medications
  • lists contraindications
  • product identification guide
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8
Q

Schedule I Medications
- def
- example

A

substances that have the highest abuse rate
- heroin, LSD

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9
Q

Schedule II Medications
- def
- example

A

can lead to psychological and physical dependence
- morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone

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10
Q

Schedule III Medications
- def
- example
- # refills in # months

A

have a moderate to low dependency
- steroids, testosterone
- 5 refills in 6 months

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11
Q

Schedule IV medications
- def
- example
- # refills in # months

A

low potential for abuse and dependence
- diazepam, clonazepam
- 5 refills in 6 months

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12
Q

Schedule V medications
- def
- example

A

contains limited quantities of some narcotics.
- antitussives, analgesics, and antidiarrheals

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13
Q

Analgesics
- def
- example

A

relieve pain
- acetaminophen, hydrocodone

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14
Q

Antacids
- def
- example

A

neutralize stomach acids
- Pepcid, Maalox

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15
Q

Anticoagulants
- def
- example

A

delay blood clotting
- Heparin, coumadin

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16
Q

Antiemetics

A

reduce nausea and vomiting

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17
Q

Emetics

A

induce vomiting

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18
Q

Antipyretics
- def
- example

A

reduce fever
- Acetaminophen (APAP)
- aspirin (ASA)

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19
Q

Diuretics
- def
- example

A

eliminate fluid
- Lasix

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20
Q

Antihistamines
- def
- example

A

relieves allergies
- Zyrtec
- Loratadine

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21
Q

Antibiotics
- def
- example

A

kill bacteria
- Penicillin (PCN)
- amoxicillin

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22
Q

Decongestant
- def
- example

A

relieve nasal congestion
- Sudafed and Mucinex

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23
Q

Antihypertensive
- def
- example

A

reduces blood pressure
- lisinopril

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24
Q

Adverse Reaction

A

an undesired reaction caused by medication

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25
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

severe allergic reaction could lead to death

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26
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

when the use of a medication is not recommended due to a prior condition

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27
Q

What is the most common contraindication?

A

hypersensitivity

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28
Q

ID

A

intradermal

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29
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

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30
Q

Inj

A

injection

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31
Q

IV

A

intravenously

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32
Q

PO
stands for and definition

A

per os
by mouth

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33
Q

PR

A

per rectum

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34
Q

Parenteral

A

a medication digested outside the digestive tract

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35
Q

oral

A

mouth

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36
Q

buccal

A

between the cheek and gums

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37
Q

inhalation

A

albuterol, asthmatic memdications

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38
Q

Topical

A

local absorption into the skin

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39
Q

Mucosal
- definition
- example

A

absorbs into the mucous membranes
- eye medication

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40
Q

Transdermal

A

absorbed through the skin using a patch

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41
Q

before meals

A

AC

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42
Q

3 times a day

A

TID

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43
Q

every morning

A

Q. am

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44
Q

after meals

A

PC

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45
Q

twice a day

A

BID

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46
Q

Adlib

A

as desired

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47
Q

4 times a day

A

QID

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48
Q

night

A

Noct

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49
Q

as needed

A

PRN

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50
Q

every # hours

A

q#h

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51
Q

1 mL to __ drops

A

1 mL to 15 drops

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52
Q

1 teaspoon to __ mL

A

1 teaspoon to 5 mL

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53
Q

1 tablespoon to __ mL

A

1 tablespoon to 15 mL

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54
Q

1 cup to __ mL

A

1 cup to 240 mL

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55
Q

1 tablespoon to __ teaspoon

A

1 tablespoon to 3 teaspoons.

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56
Q

gt/gtt

A

drop/drops

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57
Q

What are intradermal injections used for?

A

used for TB and allergy testing

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58
Q

Location of TB testing

A

left lower forearm

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59
Q

location of allergy testing.

A

upper back

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60
Q

What angle is TB needle inserted at? how much medication is given

A

10-15 degree angle
0.1 mL

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61
Q

TB testing is also known as

A

PPD- purified Protein Derivative

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62
Q

What syringe does TB use?

A

Tuberculin

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63
Q

What is the time range the TB test is read within?

A

48-72 hours.

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64
Q

What is the universal TB testing arm.

A

Left Armm

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65
Q

What is not allowed after TB test?

A

no band-aid, no scratching, no rubbing, and no massaging

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66
Q

Where is the TB medication placed where in the skin

A

under the epidermis and into the dermis

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67
Q

what happens after TB medication is injected?

A

a wheel is formed

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68
Q

What determines if the TB test is positive or negative

A

duration of the wheel.

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69
Q

What duration of a wheel needs to be investigated? how is it measured?

A

3-5 mm
measured with a disposable ruler

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70
Q

What test confirms TB after positive wheel?

A

a chest x-ray

71
Q

What does it mean if a wheel is present 48-72 hours after injection?

A

possibly positive TB test.

72
Q

What is the measurement form for tuberculin needle?

A

mL

73
Q

What is the measurement form for insulin needle?

A

units

74
Q

Which two injections have their own needle?

A

insulin and TB

75
Q

Where in the skin are subcutaneous injections placed?

A

into the fatty tissue under the dermis

76
Q

What angle is used for subcutaneous injections?

A

45 degree angle

77
Q

Which muscle is most often used for subcutaneous injections?

A

deltoid muscle

78
Q

How to locate deltoid muscle for subcutaneous injections?

A

Make a “V” with a hand over the deltoid muscle and finger tips should touch the acromion process

79
Q

What are the locations used for subcutaneous injections?

A

deltoid muscle, abdomen, and vastus lateralis.

80
Q

What subcutaneous injection is give in the abdomen?

A

anticoagulants

81
Q

Safe space for abdomen subcutaneous injections?

A

3-4 inches away from umbilicus area

82
Q

Safe space for vastus lateralis subcutaneous injections.

A

the middle 3rd thigh

83
Q

What should you avoid doing when administering insulin or anticoagulants?

A

do not massage or aspirate

84
Q

what should you do after injecting medications other than insulin or anticoagulant.

A

massage area with a cotton ball to distribute

85
Q

How should insulin be stored and what should be done before it is given

A

refrigerated but brought down to room temperature before administering.

86
Q

How do you bring a medication down to room temperature? What should you not do?

A

roll vial in hands
DONT SHAKE

87
Q

How long should patient remain in office after injection?

A

10-15 minutes

88
Q

convert pounds to kg.

A

divide pounds by 2.2

89
Q

convert kg to pounds

A

multiply kg by 2.2

90
Q

What is Depoprovera?
What angle is it given at?
What should always done before giving the injection?

A
  • a birth control injection
  • placed at a 90 degree angle
  • do urine pregnancy and confirm LMP before injection
91
Q

Where are IM injections placed? what angle are they placed at?

A

placed in muscle
- at a 90 degree angle

92
Q

What is the Z-track method?

A

prevents leakage of medication into the cutaneous tissue

93
Q

How to locate ventrogluteal muscle injection site?

A
  1. locate the greater trochanter of the femur with the heel of your hand
  2. spread your index and middle fingers from the anterior superior iliac spine to as far along the iliac crest
94
Q

How to locate the dorsogluteal muscle injection site?

A
  1. ask pt to stand up and lean over exam table
  2. take weight off the leg of the side of the injection
  3. have pt lift the heel and rest on the ball of the foot
95
Q

Which locations may be used for IM injections?

A

ventrogluteal muscle
dorsogluteal muscle
deltoid muscle.

96
Q

Gauge
- definition
- range

A

the diameter of the lumen of the needle
- 14-31

97
Q

the lower the gauge the ___ the lumen

A

the lower gauge = wider lumen

98
Q

Length
- range

A

3/8-4 inches

99
Q

What is the gauge used determined by?

A

consistency of medication

100
Q

What is the length used determined by?

A

site of patient’s arm.

101
Q

ID injection
- gauge
- length

A
  • 27-28 gauge
  • 3/8 inch
102
Q

Subcutaneous injection
- gauge
- length

A
  • 25-26 gauge
  • 1/2-5/8 inch
103
Q

IM injection
- gauge
- length

A
  • 20-23 gauge
  • 1-3 inches
104
Q

What length are IM injections normally?

A

1-1 1/2 inches

105
Q

Pros for Electronic Prescription

A
  1. human error is reduced
  2. medications can be sent rapidly
  3. reduces chance of prescription pads being stolen
106
Q

Con for Electronic Prescriptions

A

potential for network problems

107
Q

When can prescriptions be faxed or phoned in and what must it be followed by?

A
  • can be faxed/phoned in if there are no refills
  • must be followed by a hard copy to pharmacist
108
Q

4 Parts of a Prescription

A
  1. Superscription
  2. Inscription
  3. Subscription
  4. Sig
109
Q

Superscription includes

A

the date, pt’s full name, and address, and the Rx symbol.

110
Q

Inscription includes

A

name of the drug, and amount of drug per dose.

111
Q

Subscription includes
- considered directions from ***

A

the amount of each dose and total amount to be dispensed
- directions from MD to pharmacist

112
Q

Sig
- directions from ***

A

directions from pharmacist to patient.

113
Q

Rx stands for

A

take thou

114
Q

D.A.W

A

dispense as written

115
Q

generic vs brand name difference

A

the coating

116
Q

enteric coating

A

placed on the outside of the pill and causes slower release

117
Q

Scored pill

A

only pill that should be broken in half
- assures equal distribution of medication throughout the pill

118
Q

Order to write medications

A
  1. name
  2. strength
  3. route
  4. frequency
119
Q

Antibiotics contraindications
- what is recommended to be used

A

reduce the effect of birth control
- use a 2nd form of birth control.

120
Q

What juice interacts with many medicatiions?

A

grapefruit juice

121
Q

What 4 medications in large quantities can be toxic to life?

A
  1. APAP
  2. lisinopril
  3. erythromycin
  4. PCN
122
Q

How often should a patient be seen to get a new prescription of Schedule II medications.

A

every 30 days

123
Q

Rules about Schedule II prescription

A
  1. must have a handwritten prescription
  2. No refills
  3. prescription should be locked up
124
Q

if Schedule 2 prescription is lost, wha is needed before a new prescription?

A

a police report

125
Q

Open Wound:

A

involves a break i the skin or mucous membrane.

126
Q

Closed wound

A

involves injury to underlying tissues without a break

127
Q

Puncture wound

A

pierced hole in the skin

128
Q

Jagged wound

A

caused by a knife or stabbing

129
Q

Straight-Edge Wound

A

caused purposely by an incision

130
Q

What are the stages of wound healing?

A
  • inflammatory stage
  • Granulation phase
  • Maturation phases
131
Q

Inflammatory stage of healing
- lasts up to?

A

a clot or plug occurs over the opening of the wound to stop the blood flow.
lasts 3-4 days.

132
Q

Granulation phase of healing

A

growth of new capillaries occur and begin wound healing

133
Q

Maturation phase of healing
- can last up to?

A

scar tissue forms until the skin is totally healed
- can last up to 2 years.

134
Q

What is the wound assessed for?

A

warmth, color, size, odor, and discharge

135
Q

What color should a wound be?
what does a bluish or white wound indicate?

A

slightly red in color
- may indicate a sign of poor circulation

136
Q

How to assess warmth and tenderness of a wound

A

with gloves, use the back of your hand to go over the edge of the wound and ask patient to tell you if the wound is tender AND assess for warmth

137
Q

What does it mean if a wound is warm and tender?

A

sign of infection

138
Q

How do you measure the size/width of a wound?
when is it necessary to do so?

A

use a disposable ruler to measure the width and length of wound
- done for ulcers to measure growth.

139
Q

What is foul odor of a wound a sign of?

A

infection

140
Q

When should you assess a wound?

A

prior to taking out stitches or reapplying dressing

141
Q

Type of sutures

A

absorbable sutures
nonabsorbable sutures

142
Q

Absorbable sutures

A

dissolve over time and don’t have to be removed

143
Q

Nonabsorbable sutures
(5 types)

A

require removal
1. silk
2. nylon
3. polyester
4. steel
5. plastic

144
Q

2 reasons that staples are used

A
  1. to close an area where the body bends
  2. to close an area that is larger
145
Q

Adhesive skin closures
- use
- lower what?

A

eliminate the need for sutures and local anesthetics
- lower the risk of wound infection.

146
Q

Fenestrated Drape

A

has an opening in the middle

147
Q

What does every sterile drape have that is considered non-sterile

A

a 1-3 inch border used for picking it up.

148
Q

What temperature should the autoclave be set to?

A

250-270 F

149
Q

Plane that divides the body into front and back halves?

A

frontal

150
Q

Which needle is fine enough to pierce the skin?

A

hypodermic needle

151
Q

Normal BG for NF patient

A

74-120

152
Q

Transmission Based Precautions?

A

contact, droplet, airborne

153
Q

Most common cleaner in a medical setting

A

bleach 1:10 ratio to water

154
Q

Main part of the body that metabolizes a drug

A

liver

155
Q

Prescribing vs Dispensing Medicatiion

A

prescribing: requires a handwritten or computer generated that is filled at pharmacy
dispensing: given to pt at office to take home.

156
Q

If 1st TB test is negative but 2nd is positive what could this indicate?

A

pt was previously infected with TB

157
Q

TYpes of prescription

A

written, verbal, standing order, stock order.

158
Q

Example of a 3rd party payer?

A

Medicare

159
Q

Abbreviation for Alzheimer’s

A

AD

160
Q

A rectal temperature is not taking from which type of patient

A

pt with heart disease.

161
Q

How much medication can be given vis IM

A

4 ml

162
Q

What are the 3 different types of appointment reminders?

A
  1. appointment card
  2. call pt 1-2 hrs before
  3. send email or computer generated letter.
163
Q

intradermal: needle gauge and length

A

gauge: 27-28
length: 3/8 inch

164
Q

subcutaneous: gauge and length

A

gauge: 25-26
length: 1/2-5/6

165
Q

intramuscular: gauge and length

A

gauge: 20-23
length: 1-3 inches

166
Q

what are signs of infection?

A
  • redness or swelling at site
  • warmth
  • drainage (not clear)
  • foul odor
  • fever
  • malaise
  • red streaks
167
Q

CPR: how many chest compressions per minute?

A

100-120 bpm

168
Q

cryosurgery supplies

A

canister with liquid nitrogen

169
Q

toenail removal supplies

A

sterile scissors, forceps, hemostat, anesthetic, bandage materialsm

170
Q

mole/cyst removal

A

local anesthetic, scalpel, suture supplies.

171
Q

What are the functions of EMR?

A
  • appointments
  • prescription services
  • billing procedures
  • insurance services
    -labs
  • patient portal
172
Q

what temperature water should be used for ear irrigation

A

room temp

173
Q

what can happen if cold water is used for ear irrigation

A

dizziness.

174
Q

onych

A

nail, claw

MA (6 decks)

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