M6 DAY 2

Question 1

The model uses a layered approach to describe networking as a series of tasks that form the communications process.

Answer 1

OSI model

Question 2

is the interface between the user’s application and the network when the user’s network-aware application requires network resources to accomplish a task.

PDU = data

Answer 2

Application Layer (Layer 7)

Question 3

are code written by programmers that allow an application to call upon other resources, such as those available on a network and those protected operating system services.

Answer 3

application programming interfaces (APIs).

Question 4

is a unit of information passed as a self-contained data structure from one layer to another on its way up or down the network protocol stack.

Answer 4

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

Question 5

is responsible for presenting the data at the destination with the same meaning and appearance as it had at the source. For outgoing communications, this layer converts data received from the Application Layer into a generic format that survives network transmission. For incoming data, this layer converts the generic representation of data into a format that makes sense to the receiving application.

PDU = Data

Answer 5

Presentation Layer (Layer 6)

Question 6

sets up, coordinates,and terminates conversations, exchanges,and dialogues between devices across a network. Applications at either end of the session exchange data for as long as the session lasts. Sessions are set up so that they are simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex.

PDU = Data

Answer 6

Session Layer (Layer 5)

Question 7

Communications occur in only one direction.

Answer 7

Simplex

Question 8

Communication occur in two directions but not at the same time.

Answer 8

Half-duplex

Question 9

Communications occur in two directions simultaneously.

Answer 9

Full-duplex

Question 10

is responsible for breaking this data into segments, which are pieces small enough to transmit. Each piece is given a sequence number, so the original data is reassembled in proper order after being received by the destination.

PDU = Segment

Answer 10

Transport Layer (Layer 4)

Question 11

is responsible for the logical addressing and routing of messages to their proper final destination. Logical addressing is applied to each packet, and packets are passed down to the Data Link Layer. Routed protocols and their associated addressing schemes operate in this layer as well as routing protocols.

PDU = Packet

Answer 11

Network Layer (Layer 3)

Routers

Question 12

provides a reliable method of transmitting data across the communication link. Is broken up into two sub layers called the Logical Link Control (LLC) and the Media Access Control (MAC).

PDU = Frame

Answer 12

Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

switches
NIC

Question 13

Upper sub layer and handles error checking and flow control between the sender and receiver across a network. This sub layer is also responsible for communicating with the Network Layer.

Answer 13

Logical Link Control (LLC)

Question 14

Lower sub layer and is responsible for mapping between logical and physical addressing and access to the network media.

Answer 14

Media Access Control (MAC).

Question 15

is where communications between devices actually take place.

PDU = bit

Answer 15

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

Cables
NIC
antenna
hub
repeater

Question 16

802.3

Answer 16

Ethernet

Question 17

802.11

Answer 17

Wireless

Question 18

IEEE 802.2

Answer 18

expanded the OSI model and provided for the LLC and MAC sub layers of the Data Link Layer.

Question 19

The protocols within the suite are categorized into four layers that correspond directly to the seven layers of the OSI networking model. These layers are Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface.

Answer 19

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Question 20

each device (computer, router, or other device)with a connection to the network

TCP/IP services primarily operate in the client/server model.

Answer 20

host

Question 21

makes it easy to pass data between two or more LANs or across WAN links.

Answer 21

routed network protocol

Question 22

provides the interface between a computer and the network medium. It prepares, sends, and controls data flow across the network. It establishes a physical link to the networking media, generates signals that traverse the network media, and receives incoming signals.

Answer 22

network interface card (NIC)

Question 23

light emitting diodes (LEDs) of various colors, each meaning something different about the current connection.

Answer 23

link lights

Question 24

The loss of signal intensity over distance

Answer 24

attenuation

Question 25

was originally developed for strengthening a signal to extend transmission distance. The problem with this device is it also strengthens any noise it receives along with the intended transmission.

Answer 25

amplifier

Question 26

is a device that receives and regenerates a signal. Unlike an amplifier, this device removes any noise by recreating the original transmission. This device also makes it possible to transmit signals over large distances such as those covered by transoceanic cable.

Answer 26

Repeaters

Question 27

are multiport repeaters that receive a digital signal, regenerate it, and then broadcast that signal to all connected ports. Because of this process, when one device transmits, all other devices connected to the hub receive a copy of that transmission. All devices connected to a hub are in the same collision and broadcast domain.

Answer 27

Hubs

Question 28

The goal of a switch is to move frames as quickly as possible to their destinations. Unlike a hub, this device decide on which port to send a signal instead of broadcasting it out every port. This device have independent bandwidth on each port for this purpose. They also are capable of learning addresses, making forwarding/filtering decisions and avoiding loops. It break up (define) collision domains but not broadcast domains.

Answer 28

Switches

Question 29

interconnects local or wide area networks and is located at the gateway where one network meets another. The primary function of this device is to determine the next network to which a packet is sent by scanning the destination IP address and searching for the best path to get a packet to its destination. This device also provides traffic control and filtering functions when multiple paths are available between two endpoints. It is capable of breaking up both broadcast and collision domains.

Answer 29

Router

Question 30

To alleviate the need for different cable, vendors developed a method of electronically switching the transmit and receive wires inside the equipment.

Answer 30

uplink port

Question 31

is used to send traffic to a single host or destination.

Answer 31

Unicast addressing

Question 32

sends traffic to a group of hosts or recipients.

Answer 32

Multicast addressing

Question 33

is used to send traffic to all hosts on a network.

Answer 33

Broadcast addressing

Question 34

maps traffic to the nearest host providing a specific service.

Answer 34

Anycast addressing

Question 35

a 48-bit (6-byte) hexadecimal address burned into the NIC and used in the delivery of information on an Ethernet network

Answer 35

Media Access Control (MAC) Address