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20650 > ADV *NIX DAY 1-3 > Flashcards

ADV *NIX DAY 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Utility to locate/print block device attributes.

A

blkid

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2
Q

Desktop Management Interface. A tool for dumping a computer’s DMI table contents in a human-readable format.

A

dmidecode

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3
Q

Print system information.

–a= all information

2.6.32-279
(2=kernel version, 6=Major revision, 32=Minor revision, 279= patch level & fixes)

A

uname

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4
Q

Query and change the system host name and related settings.

A

hostnamectl (CentOS7)

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5
Q

Change current run-level.

A

init

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6
Q

Determine current run-level.

A

who -r

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7
Q

Update and query run-level information for system services.

A

chkconfig

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8
Q

Run SysV init scripts. Start, stop, restart or view the status of services in /etc/init.d

A

service (CentOS6)

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9
Q

Query or send control commands to the systemd manager, to enable, disable, start, stop, or view the status of services.

A

systemctl (CentOS7)

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10
Q

Create the list of operating systems to boot in GRUB’s menu interface.

A

/boot/grub/grub.conf

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11
Q

init daemon configuration file, the initdefault line specifies what run-level starts at boot.

A

/etc/inittab

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12
Q

User mode components may include:

A 
processes and threads
windows manager
libraries
applications
shells
commands
utility programs
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13
Q

Part of process management that shares CPU time between multiple LWPs.

A

scheduler

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14
Q

Implements file and file system related interfaces provided to user.

A

VFS

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15
Q

Elements of the Linux kernel that an architecture must use for normal operation and efficiency.

A

Architecture-dependent code

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16
Q

Ensures the proper and timely execution of processes.

A

process management

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17
Q

Provides an API to resources that send data across a network.

A

Network Subsystem

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18
Q

Converts a process running in user mode to a protected kernel mode process.

A

SCI

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19
Q

A program that provides the user CLI to the kernel.

A

Shell

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20
Q

An instance of a program in execution.

A

process

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21
Q

Contains the SCI and handles mapping between user requests and device driver actions. It also manages system resources and performs system services.

A

Kernel

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22
Q

Computer programs used to perform certain tasks, functions, or activities and originate in user mode.

A

Application

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23
Q

This mode includes processes such as shells, Linux commands, utilities, and user application programs.

A

User mode

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24
Q

An implementation of the standard C library used by many operating systems and programs on those systems.

A

glibc

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25
Q

When memory is exhausted and pages of memory are moved onto the disk.

A

swapping

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26
Q

A family of related standards specified by the IEEE that defines the API of a Unix OS.

A

POSIX

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27
Q

Run in user mode on top of a single kernel thread and shares address space and system resources.

A

LWP

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28
Q

A program that runs unobtrusively in the background rather than under the direct control of a user.

A

Daemon

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29
Q

This is a wrapper function for a Linux kernel system call.

A

library function

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30
Q

A low-level program allowing the kernel to communicate with a particular piece of hardware.

A

device driver

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31
Q

A catastrophic kernel crash that halts the entire PC.

A

kernel panic

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32
Q

Applications that make the OS work. (e.g., GUI, compilers, tools, and editors)

A

GNU Software

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33
Q

Displays file system type. (e.g., Ext, UFS, NTFS, …)

A

blkid

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34
Q

Executed from /etc/rc.d/rc*.d and spawns a login.

A

Run level

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35
Q

Executes Kernel and initrd images.

A

Grub

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36
Q

Executes bootloader (GRUB).

A

MBR

37
Q

Executes /sbin/init deamon.

A

Kernel

38
Q

Executes run-level programs.

A

Init

39
Q

Executes MBR

A

Bios

40
Q

The file where the init daemon gets its instructions from.

A

/etc/inittab

41
Q

Initial root file system with limited directories and executables.

A

Initrd

42
Q

Linux process that spawns a login.

A

getty or mingetty

43
Q

Command used to verify current run level.

A

who -r

44
Q

Directory where master copies of the startup scripts reside.

A

/etc/init.d

45
Q

Command used to change current run level.

A

init (command)

46
Q

Command that updates and queries run level information for system services.

A

chkconfig

47
Q

Command retrieves information from a listing of available shells in the /etc/shells file.

A

chsh

48
Q

Command that provides a description of the system’s hardware components.

A

dmidecode

49
Q

More secure but less controllable system initialization manager.

A

systemd

50
Q

Init manager where run-levels dictate the start up environment.

A

SysV

51
Q

Modified SysV initialization manager, used by CentOS Version 6.

A

Upstart

52
Q

Command that starts, stops, or restarts many services located in /etc/init.d.

A

service

53
Q

Location of network-based services that fall in the xinetd category. (full path)

A

/etc/xinetd.d

54
Q

Systemd command used to enable, start, stop, or disable services.

A

systemctl

55
Q

Linux command used to view calls accessed during the execution of a command.

A

strace

56
Q

Sets or prints the limits imposed on files written by the shell and its processes.

A

ulimit

57
Q

Displays limits imposed on resources available to the current shell.

A

ulimit -a

58
Q

Displays or sets core file size.

A

ulimit -c

59
Q

Displays or sets max number of processes available to a single user.

A

ulimit -u

60
Q

Similar to Windows Task Manager, this *nix tool is used to view system processes and their states.

A

ps

61
Q

Allows a device driver or any other kernel service to be linked into and removed from the kernel while it is running.

A

LKM

62
Q

Linux command used to display a list of active LKMs.

A

lsmod

63
Q

Command and option to display all kernel parameter values currently available.

A

sysctl -a

64
Q

Command and option to change a sysctl value for current session.

A

sysctl -w

65
Q

Command and option to load sysctl values from a file.

A

sysctl -p

66
Q

Configuration file where user limits imposed on resources are set.

A

/etc/security/limits.conf

67
Q

Linux file where all kernel values are loaded from at system boot.

A

/etc/sysctl.conf

68
Q

Process interruption caused by some event external of and asynchronous to the current running process.

A

interrupt

69
Q

Error or exception condition generated within current running process. Software written to catch an exception generated by the CPU.

A

trap

70
Q

List three ways in which a process-level interrupt request can be sent:

A

terminal
Administrator
Kernel

71
Q

Terminal interrupt (user hits interrupt keys).

A

SIGINT

72
Q

Surest kill (cannot be trapped)

A

SIGKILL

73
Q

Restarts a daemon

A

SIGHUP

74
Q

Default termination signal used by kill command.

A

SIGTERM

75
Q

Quit from terminal, process produces a core dump file.

A

SIGQUIT

76
Q 
process state:
R
S
Z
T
A 
process state:
Running
Sleeping
Zombie
Suspended (stopped or terminated)
77
Q

Command that reveals all file systems, disk space usage, and logical mount points in block size.

A

df

78
Q

Displays or maps logical devices to mount points on a file system.

A

mount

79
Q

What Linux command displays the disk’s physical partitioning scheme?

A

fdisk

80
Q

A ______ is the basic file allocation unit for EXT(X). The size is defined in the superblock.

A

block

81
Q

The allocation status of blocks (data) is determined using the block group’s ___________.

A

block bitmap

82
Q

The allocation status of inodes is determined using the block group’s ___________.

A

inode bitmap

83
Q

The _______ lists the blocks on the disk where the data is stored.

A

Inode Table

84
Q

What command can be used to view the primary superblock?

A

dumpe2fs

85
Q

What are the three timestamps associated with the EXT(X) filesystem?

A

modification
access
change

86
Q

What are the three timestamps associated with the EXT(X) filesystem?

A

hardlink

87
Q

What type of link file contains the pathname to another file?

A

symbolic link

88
Q

What command is used to view file or file system status to include the access, change, and modify timestamps?

A

stat

89
Q

is a simple data structure containing the filename and the inode address where the file’s metadata can be found. This also contains a pointer to the next entry.

A

directory entry

20650 (28 decks)

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