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YR2 Chemistry 24-25 > M5 - Transition Elements > Flashcards

M5 - Transition Elements Flashcards

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1
Q
A

A

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2
Q

What is a ligand?

A

A molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to the transition metal ion to form a coordinate bond

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3
Q

What are transition elements?

A

D-block elements that form at least one ion with a partially filled d-orbital.

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4
Q

What is stereoisomerism?

A

Same structural formula but a different arrangement of the atoms in space.

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5
Q

What colour is hydrated copper(II) sulfate?

A

Blue

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6
Q
A

D

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7
Q

Which d-block elements are excluded from being transition elements?

A

Scandium and zinc. scandium forms a sc 3+ ion and zinc forms a Zn 2+ ion.

the zinc is empty and scandium is scant.

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8
Q

What is Coordination number?

A

The total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands

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9
Q
A

C

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10
Q

What is a precipitation reaction?

A

a precipitation reaction is when two aqueous solutions contain ions react together to form an insoluble ionic solid. (the precipitate)

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11
Q
A

B

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12
Q

What is a Monodentate ligand?

A

A molecule or ion that can donate one pair of electrons to the transition metal ion to form one coordinate bond

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13
Q

Describe ligand substitution of aqueous copper(II) ions with chloride ions

A

six H2O ligands are replaced by 4 chloride ions Cl- ligands. The solution starts out pale blue and moves to yellow on completion.

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- = [CuCl4]2- + 6H2O

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14
Q

What is optical isomerism?

A

Non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

Called enantiomers

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15
Q

Describe the reaction between [Cr(H2O)6]3+ and an excess of aqueous ammonia

A

A grey green precipitate of Cr(OH)3 is formed initially.
Cr(OH)3 dissolves in excess ammonia to form the complex ion [Cr(NH3)6]3+.
A purple solution.

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16
Q
A

B

17
Q

Describe the precipitation reaction of Cr3+ with OH and what is the equation?

A

Cr3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) = Cr(OH)3 (s)

violet solution to green precipitate

18
Q

Describe the precipitation reaction of Fe3+ with OH and what is the equation?

A

Fe3+ + 3OH- = Fe(OH)3 (s)

pale yellow to orange-brown precipitate

19
Q

What colour is potassium dichromate(VI)?

A

K2Cr2O7 is Orange

20
Q

What is a complex ion?

A

A transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bond

21
Q

What is a Transition Element? (1)

A

A d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d sub-shell (1)

22
Q

What are the properties of the transition elements?

A

1) transition elements form compounds with different oxidation states.
2) Form coloured compounds
3) Elements and compounds can act as catalysts

23
Q

Define ligand substitution

A

Ligand substitution is a reversible reaction of a complex ion where One ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another ligand.

24
Q

What is a Bidentate ligand?

A

A molecule or ion that donates two lone pairs of electrons to the central metal ion to form two coordinate bonds

25
Q

What is a Coordinate bond (dative covalent bond)?

A

Shared pair of electrons in which one of the bonded atoms provides both electrons for the shared pair

26
Q
A

D

27
Q

When can complex ions show cis-trans isomerism?

A

cis-trans isomers exist in square planar and octahedral complex ions.

28
Q

Describe the precipitation reaction of Fe2+ with OH and what is the equation?

A

Fe2+ + 2OH (OH- ions) = Fe(OH)2 (s)

pale green solution to green precipitate

29
Q

Describe the precipitation reaction of Mn2+ with OH and what is the equation?

A

Mn2+ + 2OH- = Mn (OH)2 (s)

pale pink solution to light brown precipitate

30
Q

What shapes can be created from a complex ion having a coordination number of 4?

A

when there is a coordination number if 4 the shape is:
Tetrahedral
OR
Square planar

YR2 Chemistry 24-25 (15 decks)

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