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YR2 Chemistry 24-25 > M4 - Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

M4 - Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term Homologous Series

A
  • A family of compounds containing the same functional group (1 mark)
  • but with each successive member of the series differing by a -CH2 (1 mark)
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2
Q

Define the term Hydrocarbon

A

A compound that contains ONLY hydrogen and carbon atoms (1 mark)

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3
Q

Define the term Saturated

A

A compound that contains single carbon-to-carbon bonds (1 mark)

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4
Q

Define the term Unsaturated

A
  • Compound that contains at least one multiple bond between carbon atoms (1 mark)
  • This includes:
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5
Q

What is the general formula of an Alkyl Group? Provide some example of these groups

A

CnH2n+1

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6
Q

Define the term Functional Group

A

Atom/group responsible for the characteristic reactions of the compound (1 mark)

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7
Q

Why is an Alkane or Alkyl Group not classed as a Functional group?

A
  • They are both relatively unreactive as they have strong C-H and C-C bonds
  • C-C & C-H bonds are non polar
  • C and H atoms have similar electronegativities
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8
Q

What are Aliphatic Compounds - provide some examples

A
  • A compound containing carbon
    and hydrogen joined together in straight
    chains, branched chains or non-aromatic
    rings
  • Examples include (not limited to alkanes):
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9
Q

What are Alicyclic Compounds - provide some examples

A
  • An aliphatic compound arranged
    in non-aromatic rings with or without side
    chains
  • Examples include (not limited to):
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10
Q

What are Aromatic Compounds - provide some examples

A

Compounds that contain a
benzene ring which has the formula C6H6
and can be represented as:

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11
Q

The organic compounds in the table below can be termed: aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic.
Identify, using letters E, F, G, H, I & J, the compound(s) which are the above types (3 marks).
Each response may contain more than one letter.

A
  • Aliphatic: E, H, I & J (1 mark)
  • Alicyclic: E, H & J (1 mark)
  • Aromatic: F & G (1 mark)
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12
Q

Propyne, CH3C≡CH, is a member of the alkynes homologous series with the C≡C functional group.
What is the general formula of the alkynes?

A

CnH2n-2

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13
Q

Define the term Homolytic Fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond, where one electron (from the bond pair) goes to each atom, forming 2 radicals

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14
Q

Define the term Heterolytic Fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond, where one bonding atom receives both electrons, forming a positively and negatively charged ion

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15
Q

Define the term Radical

A

A specie with an unpaired electron
(1 mark). This is formed via Heterolytic fission of Cl2

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16
Q

What does a curly arrow represent in a reaction mechanism?

A

Movement of a pair of electrons

17
Q

Name, draw the displayed formula and skeletal formula for this compound: CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH3

18
Q

Draw the skeletal formula and write out the name and structural formula for this compound:

A

Name: 2,3-dimethylpentane
Structural formula: CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3
Skeletal formula:

19
Q

Draw the displayed formula and write out the name and structural formula for this compound:

A

Name: 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylhexane
Structural formula: CH3CHCH3CH(CH3)CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH3
Displayed formula:

20
Q

Name, draw the displayed formula and skeletal formula for this compound: CH3CH2CHCH2

21
Q

Draw the skeletal formula and write out the name and structural formula for this compound:

A

Name: 2-methylbut-2-ene
Structural formula: CH3CCH3CHCH3
Skeletal formula:

22
Q

Draw the displayed formula and write out the name and structural formula for this compound:

A

Name: 2,3-dimethylpenta-1,3-diene
Structural formula: CH2C(CH3)C(CH3)CHCH3
Displayed formula:

23
Q

Name, draw the displayed formula and skeletal formula for this compound: CH3CH2Br

24
Q

Draw the displayed formula and write out the name and structural formula for this compound:

25
Q

Draw the displayed formula and write out the name and structural formula for this compound:

A

Name: 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane
Structural formula: CF2ClCHFCl
Displayed formula:

26
Q

Name, draw the displayed formula and skeletal formula for this compound: CH3CHCH3CH2OH

27
Q

Draw the displayed formula and write out the name and structural formula for this compound:

28
Q

Draw the skeletal formula and write out the name and structural formula for this compound:

A

Name: Propane-1,2,3-triol
Structural formula: CH2OHCHOHCH2OH
Skeletal formula:

29
Q

Define the term Structural Isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

30
Q

Draw and name all the chain isomers of pentane (C5H12)

31
Q

Name one of the structural isomers of C6H10Br2

A

1,1-dibromocyclohexane
OR 1,2-dibromocyclohexane
OR 1,3-dibromocyclohexane
OR 1,4-dibromocyclohexane

32
Q

The skeletal formulae of four alcohols: E, F, G and H are shown below.
Which pair of alcohols are structural isomers of each other?
A: E and F
B: E and G
C: E and H
D: F and G

33
Q

How many structural isomers have the molecular C4H9Cl?
A: 2
B: 3
C: 4
D: 5

34
Q

Which compound is unsaturated, alicyclic and contains an alkyl group?

35
Q

Identify the name of the functional group present:

36
Q

Identify the carbon compound which has aldehyde as the functional group:

37
Q

Identify the name of the functional group present in this compound:

38
Q

Identify the carbon compound which has carboxylic acid as the functional group:

39
Q

Identify the compound which is a haloalkane:

YR2 Chemistry 24-25 (16 decks)

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