M5: Molecules, Ions, and Chemical Formula Flashcards
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a particle that consists of at least two atoms. It can either be diatomic or polyatomic, depending on the number of atoms that consists them.
What are the two types of molecules?
Diatomic and polyatomic molecule
what is a diatomic molecule?
contains only two atoms. The hydrogen gas (H2), which is made up of two hydrogen atoms, and the carbon monoxide (CO) which consists of one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom are considered to be diatomic molecules
What is a polyatomic molecule?
consists of more than two atoms. Some examples of polyatomic molecules are the water (H2O) which contains one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms, and the ammonia (NH3) which is made up of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms.
What is an ion?
Atoms, which are electrically neutral, lose and gain electrons to become stable. In this process,
they become positively and negatively charged particles called ions. The number of protons in the
nucleus of an atom remains the same, but the number of electrons increases or decreases.
Example of an ion
For example, when sodium atom loses 1 electron, it becomes Na+ion. A magnesium atom that loses two electrons becomes Mg2+ion. Likewise, chlorine gains 1 electron and becomes Cl-ion, and oxygen gains 2 electrons and becomes O2- ion.
what are the two types of an ion based on charge?
cation (kat-ayon) and anion (an-ayon)
difference between cation and anion?
sodium and magnesium lost electron/s and became cations. A cation has a net positive charge. On the other hand, chlorine and oxygen accepted electron/s, hence they became anions. An anion has a net negative charge
DON’T BE CONFUSED ITS JUST AN EXAMPLE FROM THE MODULE.
What are the two types of an ion based on quantity?
monoatomic and polyatomic
difference between monoatomic atom and polyatomic atom?
Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, and O2- are considered as monoatomic ions because they contain only one atom, whereas ions such as OH- and NH4+ are polyatomic because they contain more than one atom.
What is a chemical formula?
A chemical formula is made up of the elements and its corresponding relative number in a
compound. It is used to express the composition of molecules and compounds in terms of chemical symbols
what are the two types of chemical formulas?
A. Molecular formula indicates the actual number of each element in a compound.
B. Empirical formula is the simplest chemical formula.
structural and molecular models?
The structural formula shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecule. This is best represented using molecular models like ball-and-stick model and the space-filling model. In the balland-stick model kits, the atoms are represented by color-coded plastic balls with holes in them. The sticks represent the chemical bonds. In space-filling models, the atoms are represented by connected balls; hence the bonds are not visible. The balls are proportional to the size of the atoms.
