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General Chemistry > M1: States and classification of matter > Flashcards

M1: States and classification of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

three states of matter

A

Solid liquid and gas

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2
Q

Solid

A

Their particle are close together hence they can not be compressed and cannot move freely from place to place

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3
Q

Liquid

A

particles are close together but are not hold rigidly in position and can move past one another.

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4
Q

Gas

A

particles are far apart from each other and are arranged in a random way. particles also move quickly in all direction

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5
Q

Has a solid fixed shape

A

Solid

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6
Q

Flow and takes the shape of the containers

A

liquid

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7
Q

can fill up any containers of any shape and size and can be compressed because molecules are distanced

A

gas

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8
Q

microscopic characteristics of solids

A

Particles are close from each other

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9
Q

Microscopic characteristics of liquid

A

particles are far from each other

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10
Q

microscopic characteristics of gas

A

particles are very far from each other

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11
Q

Macroscopic characteristics of a solid

A

Has definite shape and has definite volume

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12
Q

Macroscopic characteristics of a liquid

A

has indefinite shape and has definite volume

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13
Q

Macroscopic characteristics of a gas

A

has no fixed shape and volume

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14
Q

2 classification of a matter

A

Pure substance and mixtures

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15
Q

2 classifications of pure substance

A

elements and compounds

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16
Q

2 classifications of mixture

A

homogenous and heterogenous

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17
Q

2 classifications of elements

A

natural and artificial

18
Q

homogenous is what kind of mixture

A

solution

19
Q

heterogenous is what kind of mixture

A

suspension

20
Q

what is a pure substance

A

is a matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties. It can either be an element or a compound.

21
Q

what is an element

A

the simplest form of matter since it is composed of one kind of atom. It is pure substance that cannot be decomposed into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.

22
Q

which elements are natural?

A

1-92 atomic numbers are natural, but 43 and 61 are not since they are highly radioactive (nawawala after sometimes for they have half-life)

23
Q

how long is francium’s half life?

A

22 minutes

24
Q

how long is uranium’s half life?

A

billion year

25
Q

what is half-life

A

The amount of time before a radioactive element disintegrate into half

26
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is a chemical substance that forms when two or more different elements combine in a fixed ratio

27
Q

What is one of the most important characteristics of a compound?

A

it has a chemical formula

28
Q

how can you separate compounds?

A

through chemical means

29
Q

Example of a compound that has chemically different characteristics than the element composing it?

A

Sodium chloride (NaCl), which is formed when sodium (Na) atom reacts with chlorine (Cl) atom. Chlorine is a green, poisonous gas that is very toxic. It was used as a weapon during World War I. On the other hand, sodium is a soft silvery metal that reacts vigorously with water and, if held in the hand, could burn it severely. Together however, these atoms produce the compound sodium chloride (table salt), a clear, crystalline solid particle that is essential for human life

30
Q

What is a Mixture?

A

are made up of two or more substances combined physically in variable proportions

31
Q

homogenous mixture

A

also called a solution, is relatively uniform in composition. It is composed of a solute or the dissolved substance, and a solvent or the dissolving medium.

32
Q

how can you separate mixture?

A

through physical means. ex: gold and copper in bronze can be separated through heating or melting because the two metals involved have different melting points:

33
Q

a substance that will be dissolved?

A

solute

34
Q

a substance that will be used for dissolving

A

solvent

35
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

A mixture whose composition consists of 2 or more physically distinct phases.

36
Q

example of heterogenous mixture

A

ice cubes in a drink, sand and water, and salt and oil

37
Q

What is Tyndall effect?

A

a test in a substance whether a substance is a colloid or a solutions, if you put light in the substance, you can see the particle; colloid.

38
Q

elements that ends with um or im?

A

those are metal except for 10 elements (mercury, gold, copper, iron, copper, potassium, etc.)

39
Q

elements that ends with ne or en except for some elements

A

non metals

40
Q

characteristics of metalloids

A

semi conductor: commonly used in computers

General Chemistry (5 decks)

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