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DEV PSY > M4 > Flashcards

M4 Flashcards

1
Q

The genes that one inherits

A

GENOTYPE

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2
Q

One’s observable or measurable
characteristics

A

PHENOTYPE

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3
Q

Refers to when the ovum is
fertilized by sperm.

A

CONCEPTION

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4
Q

Contains the biochemical needed
for the development from a
single cell into a recognizable
human being.

A

ZYGOTE

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4
Q

Within few hours, sperm cell begins to disintegrate, releasing its

A

GENETIC MATERIAL

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5
Q

Contains 46 chromosomes.

A

ZYGOTE

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6
Q

-Elongated threadlike bodies
-Consist thousands of genes

A

CHROMOSOMES

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7
Q

-The basic unit of hereditary
-Contains stretches of DNA

A

GENES

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8
Q

A complex double-helix molecule
that resembles a twisted ladder
and provides the chemical basis
for development.

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

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9
Q

Unique feature: can duplicate
itself that makes the zygote to
develop into a complete human
being.

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

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10
Q

It is the complete sequence of
genes in the human body.

A

HUMAN GENOME

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11
Q

It is the process of cell division where a single parent cell divides to make a two new daughter cells.

A

MITOSIS

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12
Q

It is a process of duplicating and
replicating cells.

A

MITOSIS

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13
Q

 It continues throughout life,
generating ne cells that enable
growth and replacing old ones that are damaged.

A

MITOSIS

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14
Q

MITOSIS PROCESS; WHAT STAGE? Original cell contains 4 chromosomes.

A

1

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15
Q

MITOSIS PROCESS; WHAT STAGE? Each chromosomes splits lengthwise producing a duplicate.

A

2

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16
Q

MITOSIS PROCESS; WHAT STAGE? The duplicated sets of chromosomes move to opposite
ends of the original cells and
begins to divide

A

3

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17
Q

MITOSIS PROCESS; WHAT STAGE? The cell completes its division
producing two new cells that have identical sets of chromosomes

A

4

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18
Q

The process by which a germ cell
divides, producing two gametes
(sperm or ovum)

A

MEIOSIS

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19
Q

the one who produce gametes

A

GERM CELLS

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20
Q

duplicated chromosomes cross
and break at one or more points
along their length, exchanging
segments of genetic material.

A

CROSSING-OVER

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21
Q

This creates new and unique
hereditary combinations.

A

CROSSING-OVER

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22
Q

Determine their stage. Each germ cell’s original chromosomes duplicates itself, and the duplicate
remains attached.

A

1

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23
Q

Determine their stage. Crossing-over takes place among adjacent
chromosomes, creating hereditary combinations.

A

2

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24
Q

Determine their stage. The original cell divides to form 2 new cells. Each cells has 23 chromosomes (some of it have been altered by crossing-over).

A

3

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25
Q

Determine their stage. Each chromosome and its duplicate now split and segregate into separate gametes. Each gametes
has half the chromosomes of its original cell.

A

4

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26
Q

Is the reason why we are
genetically unique.

A

MEIOSIS

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27
Q

The principle that each pair of
chromosomes segregates independently of all other
chromosome pairs during meiosis.

A

INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

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28
Q

One egg cell fertilized by two
sperm cells.

A

MOZYGOTIC TWINS

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29
Q

Developed from single zygote and
have identical genes.

A

MOZYGOTIC TWINS

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30
Q

Identical twins

A

MOZYGOTIC TWINS

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31
Q

Two ovum is being fertilized by
two sperm cells.

A

DIZYGOTIC TWINS

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32
Q

Fraternal twins

A

DIZYGOTIC TWINS

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33
Q

Also known as chromosomal portraits

A

KARYOTYPE

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34
Q

Also known as chromosomal portraits

A

KARYOTYPE

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35
Q

This reveal that 22 of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes (autosomes) are similar in males and females

A

KARYOTYPE

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36
Q

It is the 23rd pair of chromosomes

A

SEX CHROMOSOMES

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37
Q

The sex is determined by 23rd
chromosomes.

A

SEX CHROMOSOMES

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38
Q

It is transferred from a parent to
offspring and is held to determine
some characteristic of the offspring.

A

GENES

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39
Q

might “turn on” the genes
responsible for the growth spurt
we experience as adolescents and
then shut these growth genes
down in adulthood.

A

REGULATORY GENES

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40
Q

Sometimes human characteristics
are determined by the actions of a single gene.

A

SINGLE-GENE INHERITANCE
PATTERNS

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41
Q

Sometimes the characteristics are
determined by the actions of
many genes working together: known as ?

A

polygenic inheritance.

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42
Q

There are four main patterns of
genetic expression:

A
  1. Simple dominant–recessive
    inheritance
  2. Codominance,
  3. Sex-linked inheritance,
  4. Polygenic or multiple-gene
    inheritance.
43
Q

are influenced by only one pair of genes (alleles): one from the mother, one from the father.

A

SIMPLE DOMINANT -
RECESSIVE INHERITANCE

44
Q

He is a 19th century monk.
 He contributed to our knowledge of single gene-pair inheritance by
cross-breeding different strains of peas.

A

GREGOR MENDEL

45
Q

 He called some characteristics
‘dominant’ because they appeared more often in later
generations than their opposite
traits which he called ‘recessive’
traits.

A

GREGOR MENDEL

46
Q

His major discovery was very
predictable to the way the two
alternative characteristics appeared in the offspring of cross- breeding.

A

GREGOR MENDEL

47
Q

People whose genotype for an
attribute consists of two alleles of
the same kind

A

HOMOZYGOUS

48
Q

People inherited alternative
forms of the allele

A

HETEROZYGOUS

49
Q

It is a graphic representation of
parents’ alleles and their possible
combinations to form unique
inheritable traits.

A

PUNNETTE SQUARE

50
Q

It is a condition that causes
gradual detoriation of nervous
system leading to a progressive
decline in physical and mental
abilities and ultimately to death.

A

HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

51
Q

The disease normally appears
much late, usually after 40.

A

HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

52
Q

 It refers to the inheritance in which two versions of the same gene are expressed separately to produce
different traits in an individual.

A

CODOMINANCE

53
Q

It refers to the characteristics that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes.

A

SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE

54
Q

It refers to the most important
human characteristics which are
influenced by many pairs of alleles.

A

POLYGENIC INHERITANCE

55
Q

Refers to those that are present at birth, although many of these
conditions are not detectable when the child is born.

A

CONGENITAL DEFECTS

56
Q

One of the resulting gametes may
have too many chromosomes and the others are too few.

A

CHROMOSOMAL
ABNORMALITIES

57
Q

It is an abnormalities involving the
23rd pair of the chromosomes.

A

ABNORMALITIES OF THE SEX
CHROMOSOMES

58
Q

Occasionally makes are born with an extra X or Y chromosomes; females may survive if they inherit a single X chromosome or even 3 (XXX), 4
(XXXX), or 5 (XXXXX).

A

ABNORMALITIES OF THE SEX
CHROMOSOMES

59
Q

4 COMMON SEXCHROMOSOMAL
ABNORMALITIES

A

FEMALE ABNORMALITIES
1. Turner’s syndrome (XO)
2. Poly – X or Superfemale
syndrome (XXX,XXXX, or
XXXXX)
MALE ABNORMALITIES
1. Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY or
XXXY)
2. Supermale syndrome (XYY, XYYY,
or XYYY)

60
Q

Phenotypically female but small
in stature. Normal sexual
development lacking at
puberty. Turner females can
assume more “womanly”
appearance by taking the
female hormone estrogen.

A

Turner’s syndrome (XO)

61
Q

Phenotypically female and
normal in appearance.

A

Poly – X or Superfemale
syndrome (XXX,XXXX, or
XXXXX)

62
Q

Phenotypically male with the
emergence of some female
secondary sex characteristics at
puberty. Significantly taller than
normal XY males.

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY or
XXXY)

63
Q

Phenotypically male who are
taller than normal male, have
large teeth and often develop
severe acne during
adolescence.

A

Supermale syndrome (XYY, XYYY,
or XYYY)

64
Q

Also known as trisomy-21
 It is the most frequent autosomal abnormalities
 It is a condition in which the child inherits all or a part of an extra 21st chromosome.

A

DOWN SYNDROME

65
Q

These abnormalities will not appear unless both parents carry the harmful allele and the child inherits this gene from each parent.

A

GENETIC ABNORMALITIES

66
Q

 it is a changes in the chemical
structure of one or more genes
that produce a new phenotype

A

MUTATIONS

66
Q

 it is a changes in the chemical
structure of one or more genes
that produce a new phenotype

A

MUTATIONS

67
Q

DESCRIPTION: Child lacks enzymes
that prevents mucus from obstruction the lungs and digestive tract.

A

DISEASE: Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

68
Q

DESCRIPTION: Individual lacks a
hormone that would enable him or her to metabolize sugar properly.

A

DISEASE: Diabetes

69
Q

DESCRIPTION: Sex-linked disorder that attacks the muscles and eventually produces such symptoms as slurred speech and loss of motor capabilities.

A

DISEASE: Duchenne-type muscular
dystrophy

70
Q

DESCRIPTION: A sex-linked condition sometimes called “bleeder’s disease”. Child lacks a substance that causes the
blood to clot.

A

DISEASE: Hemophilia

71
Q

DESCRIPTION: Child lacks enzyme to digest foods (including milk)
containing the amino acid
phenylalanine. Disease attacks
nervous system, producing
hyperactivity and severe mental
retardation.

A

DISEASE: Phenylketonuria (PKU)

72
Q

DESCRIPTION: abnormal sickling of red blood cells causes inefficient distribution of oxygen, pain, swelling, organ damage, and susceptibility to respiratory diseases.

A

DISEASE: Sickle-cell anemia

73
Q

DESCRIPTION: Causes degeneration of the central nervous system starting in
the first year. Victims usually die by age 4.

A

DISEASE: Tay-sachs disease

74
Q

It refers to the prediction of both
chromosomal abnormalities and
genetic abnormalities.

A

GENETIC COUNSELING

75
Q

It is a service that helps prospective to assess the likelihood that their
children will be free of hereditary
defects.

A

GENETIC COUNSELING

76
Q

Are trained in genetics, the
interpretation of family histories
and counseling procedures.

A

GENETIC COUNSELORS

77
Q

Also called as sonography
 It is the easiest and most commonly used method of PREDICTNG HEREDITARY
DISORDERS

A

ULTRASOUND

78
Q

 The use of sound waves to scan the womb and create a visual image of the fetus on a monitor screen

A

ULTRA SOUNDS

79
Q

a needle is inserted through the abdominal wall into the uterus. Fluid is withdrawn
and fetal cells are cultured, a process that takes about 3 weeks.

A

AMNIOCENTESIS

80
Q

It is used to detect chromosome
abnormalities such as Down
syndrome and to determine through DNA analysis whether the genes for a single gene-pair disorders are present.

A

AMNIOCENTESIS

81
Q

It refers to the alternative
procedure which collects tissue for the same tests as amniocentesis.
 It can be performed during 8
th or 9th week of pregnancy.

A

CHRONIC VILLUS SAMPLING (CVS)

82
Q

Refers to the scientific study of how genotype interacts with
environment to determine
behavioral attributes such as
intelligence, personality, and mental health.

A

BEHAVIORAL GENETICS

83
Q

They acknowledge that the long-term effects of one’s genotype on
behavioral characteristics
(intelligence, personality, mental
health) also depend on one’s
environment.

A

BEHAVIORAL GENETICS

84
Q

The amount of variability in a trait
that is attributable to hereditary
factors.

A

HERITABILITY

85
Q

It is a method of studying genetic
influences by determining whether traits can be bred in animals through selective breeding.

A

SELECTIVE BREEDING

86
Q

Refers to the extent to which two
individuals have genes in common.

A

KINSHIP

87
Q

Refers to the study in which sets of twins that differ in zygosity (kinship) are compared to determine the
heritability of an attribute.

A

TWIN DESIGN

88
Q

Refers to the study in which adoptees are compared with their biological relatives and their adoptive relatives to estimate the heritability of an attribute or attributes.

A

ADOPTION DESIGN

89
Q

refers to an environmental influence that people living together do not share that should make these individuals different from one another.

A

NON-SHARED ENVIRONMENTAL
INFLUENCES (NSE)

90
Q

refers to an environmental influence that people living together share that should make these individuals similar to one another.

A

SHARED ENVIRONMENTAL
INFLUENCES (SE)

91
Q

refers to the percentage of cases in which a particular attribute is
present for one member of a twin
pair if it is present for the other.

A

CONCORDANCE RATES

92
Q

refers to the numerical estimate,
ranging from .00 – 1.00 of the amount of variation in an attribute that is due to hereditary factors.

A

HERITABILITY COEFFICIENTS

93
Q

are shy, anxious around others, and tend to withdraw from social
situations

A

INTROVERTS

94
Q

are highly sociable and enjoys being with others.

A

EXTROVERTS

95
Q

Refers to a measure of the extent to which an individual recognizes the needs of others and is concerned about their welfare.

A

EMPHATIC CONCERN

96
Q

it is a model of family influences in
which parent and child are believed to influence each other reciprocally.

A

TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

97
Q

A serious form of mental illness characterized by
disturbances in logical thinking,
emotional expression, and
interpersonal behavior.

A

Schizophrenia

98
Q

A psychological disorder characterized by
extreme fluctuations
in mood.

A

Bipolar disorder

99
Q

An irrational pattern
of thinking or behavior that a
person may use to contend with stress or to avoid anxiety.

A

Neurotic disorder

100
Q

Implies that genes limit development to certain outcomes
that are difficult for the environment to alter.

A

Canalization Principle

101
Q

States that hereditary sets a
range of developmental
potentials and the environment
influences where in that range the
individual will fall.

A

Range Of Reaction Principle

102
Q

The notion that the rearing environments that biological
parents provide are influenced by the parents’ own genes, and hence are correlated with the child’s own genotype

A

Passive Genotype Or Environmental Correlations

103
Q

The notion that our heritable attributes affect others’ behavior toward us and thus influence the social environment in which
development takes place.

A

Evocative Genotype Or
Environmental Correlations

104
Q

the notion that our genotypes affect the types of environments that we prefer and seek
out.

A

Active Genotype Or Environmental
Correlations

DEV PSY (3 decks)

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