M3S2 System Requirement Analysis Flashcards
_____________is the heart of the process.
Analysis
It is the key component of the first two phases of the cycle.
Analysis
the analyst collects relatively _____________ through interviews, questionnaires, on-site observations, procedures manuals, etc.
unstructured data
the analyst collects relatively unstructured data through:
interviews
questionnaires
on-site observations
procedures manuals
Structured Analysis Tools
Data flow diagram (DFD).
Data dictionary.
Structured English.
Decision trees.
Decision tables.
All about understanding situations, not solving problems.
System analysis
Puts emphasis on investigation and questioning to learn how a system currently operates and to identify the requirements users have for a new or modified one;
System analysis
studying the current business system to find out how it works and where improvements should be made
System Requirement Determination or Requirement Determination
a feature that must be included in a new system
requirement
Three major activities in requirements determination
Requirements anticipation
Requirements investigation
Requirements specification
Foreseeing the likelihood of certain problems or features and requirements for a new system
Requirements anticipation
Can be a mixed blessing
Requirements anticipation
This activity is at the heart of systems analysis.
Requirements Investigation
It involves using various tools and skills used by analysts to study the current system and document its features for further analysis.
Requirements Investigation
It relies on fact-finding techniques and includes methods for documenting and describing system features.
Requirements Investigation
The data produced during the fact-finding investigation are analyzed to come up with the description of features for a new system.
Requirements Specification
Requirements Specification - Three interrelated parts:
Analysis of Factual Data
Identification of Essential Requirements
Selection of Requirements Fulfillment Strategies
Unlike transaction activities, may not follow a specific procedure.
Decisions
- It refers to the specific methods analysts use for collecting data about requirements.
Fact – Finding techniques
Fact – Finding techniques
Interview,
Questionnaire,
Record inspections (on-site review) and
Observation.
used to collect information from individuals or groups. The respondents are generally current users of the existing system or potential users of the proposed system.
interviews
allows analysts to collect information about various aspects of a system from a large number of persons.
Questionnaires
Analysts often use __________ and ________ questionnaires.
open-ended and close-ended
analysts examine information that has been recorded about the system and user.
Record Review
allows analysts to gain information they cannot obtain by any other fact – finding method.
Observation
Through ______________, analysts can obtain firsthand information about how activities are carried out;
observation
This method is most useful when analysts need to actually see how documents are handled, how processes are carried out
observation
a set of techniques and graphical tools that allow the analyst to develop a new kind of system specifications that are easily understandable to the user.
Structured analysis
Contrary to traditional approach, __________ considers new goals and structured tools for analysis.
Structured analysis
cost/benefit and feasibility analysis, project management, hardware and software selection, and personnel considerations are often refered to as?
traditional approach
Structured analysis has the following attributes
It is graphic.
It is logical rather than physical.
Structured Analysis Steps
Requirements Gathering
Data Flow Diagram DFD
Entity Relationship Diagram ERD
Data Dictionary
Structured English
Structured Charts
Prototyping and Validation
Analysts meet with stakeholders (such as librarians, patrons, and administrators) to understand their needs and requirements.
Requirements Gathering
a structured analysis tool that represents the flow of data within the system.
DFD
Define data elements (attributes) and their characteristics (data type, length, etc.).
Data Dictionary
model the relationships between entitieS
ERD
Analysts write English descriptions for each process.
Structured English
Analysts create charts (like flowcharts) to illustrate the logic of processes.
structured charts
Analysts build prototypes to validate the design with stakeholders.
Prototyping and Validation
They refine the system based on feedback.
Prototyping and Validation
lso known as a “bubble chart,” has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and identifying major transformations that will come from programs in system design.
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
It is the starting point of the design phase that functionally decomposes the requirements specifications down to the lowest level of detail.
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
A______________is a structured repository of metadata that provides a comprehensive description of the data used. Its main purpose is to provide a common language and understanding of the data, its meaning, and how it relates to other elements.
data dictionary
Common Symbols in DFD:
External entities
Processes
Data Flows
Data Stores
Components of a data dictionary include:
Components of a data dictionary include:
Data Element Name
Data Type
Domain Value -
Definition/Description
Source
Datecreated
is a technique used by systems analysts to model and document the logic of information processes.
Structured English
It’s a form of English that resembles programming statements but doesn’t have a compiler-readable syntax.
Structured English
A_____________is a hierarchical model used in data analysis and decision-making. It visually represents a decision-making process by mapping out possible outcomes based on different choices or scenarios.
decision tree
are concise visual representations used to specify which actions to perform based on given conditions.
Decision Tables
They serve as algorithms that produce a set of actions. You can think of them as a structured way to model decision-making logic, similar to if-then-else statements or switch-case constructs in programming.
Decision Tables
