M3 L1 Flashcards
Blood relationship
Kinship
[A line of descent traced] continuously from an ancestor
Genealogy
[The origin or background of a person] in terms of family or nationality
Descent
[The bond of blood or marriage] which binds people together in a group
Kinship
This includes socially recognized relationships based on supposed as well as actual genealogical ties
Kinship System
Types of Kinship
- Affinal Kinship
- Consanguineous Kinship
Relationship based upon the marriage of cohabitation between
collaterals
Affinal Kinship
Connections between people that are traced by blood (relatives related by blood)
Consanguineous Kinship
[The system of acknowledged social parentage] whereby a person may claim kinship ties with another
Descent
Refers to the socially recognized links between ancestors and
descendants
Descent
Importance of descent systems
Used as a means for one person to [assert rights, duties, privileges, or status] in relation to another person
Descent systems have a special influence when
Rights to succession, inheritance,
or residence follow kinship lines
What do anthropologists use to illustrate kinship relationships
Kinship Diagrams
This is the person to whom all kinship relationships are referred
Ego (▢)
Symbol of males in a Kinship Diagram
△
Symbol of females in a Kinship Diagram
◯
What gender is Ego
No specific gender
Types of Descent Systems
- Unilineal Descent
- Matrilineal Descent
- Patrilineal Descent
- Bilateral Descent
This traces descent only through a single line of ancestors, male or female
Unilineal Descent
Ego must trace their relationships through both males and females symmetrically
Bilateral Descent
[An exclusive and permanent bond between a man and a woman] that is centrally concerned with assigning sexual rights in each of the partners and establishing parental responsibility for the children of the union
Marriage
This specific institutional pattern has been heavily sanctioned in moral and legal codes
Marriage
The practice of having only one spouse at a time
Monogamy
Two people that live together have sex with one another and [cooperate in acquiring basic resources such as food, clothes, and money]
Social Monogamy
Two people that remain sexually exclusive with one another and have no outside sex partners
Sexual Monogamy
Two people only have offspring/children with one another
Genetic Monogamy
Marriages of only two people
Marital Monogamy
One person has only one partner at a time, and then moves on to another partner after serving the relationship with the first
Serial Monogamy
The practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time
Polygamy
Practice of having more than one wife a time (Mormonism and Muslims)
Polygyny
Practice of having more than one husband at a time (Tibet and
Nepal)
Polyandry
Specify [where a person resides after marriage] and, accordingly, influence the structure and size of household units
Post-Marital Residency Rules
Post-Marital Residency Patterns
- Neolocal Residence
- Patrilocal Residence
- Matrilocal Residence
- Avunculocal Residence
Each spouse leaves his or her family of origin and jointly forms a new household, which develops as nuclear family
Neolocal Residence
Married couple’s normal residence is with or near the husband’s patrilineal kinsmen (husband’s side)
Patrilocal Residence
The couple moves to live where the wife grew up, most familiar among horticultural groups)
Matrilocal Residence
Married couple’s normal residence is with or near the maternal uncle or the husband’s other male matrilineal kinsmen
Avunculocal Residence
A type of ritual kinship in the form of godparenthood
Compadrazgo or Kinship by Ritual
Types of Family
- Nuclear or Conjugal Family
- Extended Family
- Reconstituted Family
- Transnational Family
- Conditionally Separated Family
Family consisting of a married man and woman and their
biological children (mom, dad, and children)
Nuclear or Conjugal Family
Type of family that extends beyond the immediate family (mom, dad, relatives, and children)
Extended Family
Formed by the joining of two adults through marriage, cohabitation, or civil partnership, in which either one or both of the adults [have a child of children from a previous relationship] living in their home
Reconstituted Family
These families live in more than one country
Transnational Family
Family member is separated from the rest of the family
Conditionally Separated Family
Commonly found in tribal societies across the world where [kin genealogy is applied to determine the system of communal leadership]
Kinship Politics
It is where there is a traditional pattern of passing on political power to family members
Communal Leadership
Built based on the classic political principle: blood is thicker than water
Communal Leadership
May be created by the collaboration among some political parties
Political Alliance
The system of succession of political leaders from the same family or clan that maintains power for many generations
Political Dynasty
