M1 L3 Flashcards
A complex whole that [encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns] and shares as a member of society
Culture
[Diffusion of one’s culture to another through diverse means], namely learning, the imposition by force, and conquest, among others
Enculturation
Enculturation leads to what?
Identity Formation
Formation of the identity of an individual through his interaction with other people
Identity Formation
Elements of Culture
- Belief
- Symbols
- Language
- Values
- Norms
- Law
Conceptions and ideas of man regarding his environment
Belief
Anything that has meaning and represents something else
Symbols
Set of symbols that express ideas that [enable people to formulate thoughts and communicate with one another]
Language
Sum of all ideas and concepts that are desirable in a particular culture
Values
A concrete set of rules and standards to be observed by man in his cultural setting
Norms
A rule or policy that governs the conduct of men which is mostly enacted by a sovereign power
Law
Culturally determined rules that guide people regarding what’s right, wrong, proper, or improper
Norms
[Creates predictability in daily affairs and interactions], making it easier to live with other members of society
Norms
Are [experimented on by a particular society] to check its relevance and appropriateness to existing norms and laws
Values
Created and shaped in the community through time
Values
Any position that an individual can occupy in society
Status
Not a ranked position, but simply [a label that implies certain roles] that must be performed
Status
Types of Status
- Ascribed
- Achieved
Status that is given at birth or assigned later at life (can’t be changed)
Ascribed
Status that is acquired willfully and consciously through effort, talent, decisions, and accomplishments
Achieved
Aspects of Culture
- Culture is Learned
- Culture is Shared
- Culture is Cumulative
- Culture is Dynamic
- Culture is Diverse
- Culture is Communicated
Cultural patterns that are broadly in line with a society’s cultural ideas and values
Mainstream Culture
[Cultural behaviors and ideas that are popular] with most people in a society
Low/Pop Culture
Cultural patterns that [distinguish a society’s elite]
High Culture
Cultural patterns that [set apart] a segment of a society’s population
Subculture
[Pushes back on mainstream culture] in an attempt to change how society functions
Counter Culture
Cultural groups with the most power and societal influence
Norm
People with less power
Subgroups
Seeing one culture as superior to the other
Ethnocentrism
The practice of judging one culture by the standards of another
Ethnocentrism
Characterized by a strong belief that one’s own culture (products, style, or ideas) is inferior to those which originate elsewhere
Xenocentrism
The fear of what is perceived as foreign or strange
Xenophobia
Recognizes cultural diversity while advocating for equal standing for all cultural traditions
Multiculturalism (Culture Relativism)
