M23 Flashcards
ai. State the factor that belongs in box A. [1]
Unemployment
State one political factor that could be included in box B. [1]
Government policies
Outline how one physical factor can affect the location of low-income residential areas in a city. [2]
Low-income housing may develop in swampy locations. These areas are often prone to flooding and have poor drainage, making them less desirable for higher-income development and thus more affordable for low-income residents
Explain why large cities continue to grow as a result of:
i. one economic factor
One significant economic factor driving the growth of large cities is the availability of job opportunities. As rural areas often experience high unemployment rates and limited job prospects, individuals are pushed to migrate to cities in search of better economic prospects. This not only supports the local economy but also attracts businesses, thereby creating a cycle of growth.
Explain why large cities continue to grow as a result of:
ii. one demographic factor
Large cities will continue to grow as a result of an increasing life expectancy, which is driven by advancements in healthcare. As cities adapt to accommodate this demographic shift, they attract more residents who are seeking better healthcare. This combination of longer lifespans and the associated healthcare demands will continue to contribute to the expansion of large cities.
Intro
As urbanisation continues to be more frequent globally, cities face numerous challenges.
Eco-city design offers a strategic approach to urban planning that prioritises sustainability, environmental protection, and improved quality of life for residents.
As urban areas face increasing challenges such as pollution, traffic congestion, and resource scarcity, eco-city initiatives offer innovative solutions.
This essay will examine the contributions of Masdar City to managing urban challenges, focusing on its strategies to promote sustainability through the use of renewable energy, alleviate traffic congestion and mitigate climatic risks.
Use of renewable energy
Point, evidence
Masdar City uses renewable energy to manage its ecological footprint.
Masdar City was designed to be a zero-carbon city, being powered entirely by renewable energy sources, including solar and wind power, and features energy-efficient buildings designed to minimise energy consumption.
This commitment to renewable energy aims to meet the city’s energy needs without relying on fossil fuels.
Use of renewable energy
Explanation
This approach not only addresses climate change but also reduces the urban ecological footprint, making it a model for future cities.
However, the idea of a zero-carbon city was likely too ambitious, and will not achieve net zero carbon emissions, but rather only about 50%.
Masdar City is nowhere close to zeroing out its greenhouse emissions now, and will not reach that goal even if the development ever gets fully built.
Traffic congestion
Point, evidence
Masdar City employs transportation solutions to alleviate traffic congestion and promote sustainable mobility.
The city is designed as a car-free environment, featuring the personal rapid transit (PRT), a system that uses electric, driverless vehicles to transport residents.
This design minimizes the need for private vehicles and reduces reliance on traditional transportation methods.
Traffic Congestion
Explanation
By prioritising sustainable public transit and promoting walking on foot, Masdar City significantly reduces traffic congestion, which is a major issue in many urban areas.
However, the effectiveness of this model depends on the successful implementation of the PRT system and the willingness of residents to adapt to a car-free lifestyle.
If not managed properly, there may be challenges in ensuring that the transportation system meets the needs of all residents.
Climatic risks
Point, evidence
Masdar City addresses climatic risks such as air pollution and urban heat islands, through its urban design and green infrastructure.
The city incorporates lots of green spaces, including parks and gardens, which help mitigate the urban heat island effect.
Additionally, Masdar City is designed to maximize natural ventilation and reduce energy consumption, contributing to improved air quality.
Climatic risks
Explanation
By integrating green infrastructure into its design, Masdar City effectively reduces the impacts of climate change and enhances the urban environment.
However, the long-term effectiveness of these strategies relies on ongoing maintenance and community engagement to ensure that green spaces are preserved and utilised effectively.
Without proper management, there is a risk that these areas could become neglected, diminishing their intended benefits.
