M22 The topographic map shows the small town of Queenstown in New Zealand.

Question 1

ai. Identify the state highway located in grid reference 6105. [1]

Answer 1

6A

Question 2

aii. State one physical reason for the location of the airport to the east of Frankton (Queenstown Airport). [1]

Answer 2

Flat land

Question 3

b. Outline one reason why land values are higher in some parts of an urban area. [2]

Answer 3

Flat land is often more valuable in urban areas because it is easier and less costly to develop.

It requires less preparation for construction, making it more appealing and thus increasing its market value.

Question 4

c. Explain two challenges associated with making infrastructure improvements in urban settlements such as Queenstown. [3+3]

Answer 4

Upgrading already existing, outdated systems can be complex and costly. For example, replacing ageing water pipes can disrupt city services. This challenge is worsened due to the need to maintain undisrupted service while upgrades are in progress

Limited available space in urban areas can constrain infrastructure development. For example, expanding roads or adding new public transport lines may be difficult due to existing buildings and underground utilities. This may force planers to seek more expensive solutions.