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Pcog > M20 > Flashcards

M20 Flashcards

1
Q

Known as accessory ‘food factors’

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

Vit. A
Vit. D
Vit. E
Vit. K

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3
Q

Give an examples of water soluble vitamins

A

Vit. C
Vit. P
B vitamins

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4
Q

retinoic acid / retinol

A

Vit. A

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5
Q

Best sources /distribution:
Fish liver ( cod, halibut, shark, etc.

A

Vit. A

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6
Q

Body function:
•Essential for the normal functioning of the epithelial tissue and retina
•important for growth and reproduction, vision in dim light

A

Vit. A ( Retinoic acid / Retinol)

✓ retinoic acid is involved in regeneration of rhodopsin or visual purple

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7
Q

Deficiency:
• nyctalopia or night blindness
• keratinization of tissue
•sterility

A

Vit. A
( Retinoic acid/ Retinol )

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8
Q

First vitamin discovered, most toxic vitamin ( fetal defects

A

Vit. A
Retinoic acid / Retinol

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9
Q

Kind of vitamin is stored in liver

A

Vit. A
Retinoic acid / Retinol

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10
Q

New uses:
Antioxidant for acne and wrinkles
Anti infective and antixeropthalmic vitamin

A

Vit. A
Retinoic acid / retinol

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11
Q

Ergocalciferol, calciferol

A

D2

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12
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

D3

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13
Q

Body function:
Regulates the calcium and phosphorous balance in the body by direct action and phosphorous metabolism. It promotes calcium absorption which is an essential factor in bone formation.

A

Vit. D

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14
Q

Known as sunshine vitamin

A

Vit. D

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15
Q

Tocopherol
Alpha tocopheryl acetate

A

Vit. E

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16
Q

Best source or distribution:
Plant oils ( palm oil, olive oil etc.)
Embryos of cereal ( wheat and corn germ oils)
Fresh vegetables, nuts, eggs, butter

A

Vit. E ( Tocopherol / alpha tocopheryl acetate)

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17
Q

Body function:
•antioxidant
•has important role in the preservation of the well-being of cell by slowing aging effects and counteracting full aspects of toxins and the blood and lungs
•increases skin elasticity
•increases sexual vitality and vigor

A

Vit. E
Tocopherol / Alpha tocopheryl acetate

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18
Q

Vit. X

A

Vit. E
Tocopherol / Alpha tocopheryl acetate

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19
Q

Alternative names:
Phytomenadione
Phylloquinone

A

Vit. K1

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20
Q

Best source/ distribution:
•green leafy vegetables
• Plants from ( e.g alfalfa, Lucerne, tomatoes etc. )
•abundant in the human intestine, where it is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

A

Vit. K1
Phylloquinone
Phytomenadione

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21
Q

Promote synthesis of clotting factors

A

Vit. K1
( Phylloquinone / phytomenadione )

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22
Q

Deficiency:
Hemorrhage (prolonged bleeding)
Excessive bruising

A

Vit. K1
( Phylloquinone / phytomenadione )

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23
Q

Antidote for warfarin poisoning
Coagulation factor
Antihaemorrhagic vitamin

A

Vit. K1
( Phylloquinone / phytomenadione )

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24
Q

What are the alternative names of the following:
K2
K3
K4

A

K2- Farnoquinone
K3- Menadione
K4- menadiol

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25
Q

Ascorbic acid

A

Vit. C

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26
Q

Best source or distribution:
*Fruit, particularly citrus fruit ( Rutaceae ), tomatoes, potatoes, capsicums
*Raw vegetables
*One of the richest source appears to be in the fruit of an edible Combretaceous tree ( Sn. Teminalia ferdinandiana), found along and the northwest coast of australia

A

Vit. C ( ascorbic acid)

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27
Q

Body function:
Hydroxydation and amidation reactions
Collagen synthesis
Bio transformation; absorption of iron

A

Vit. C ( ascorbic acid )

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28
Q

Scurvy

A

Vit. C ( ascorbic acid )

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29
Q

Least stable vitamin

A

Vit. C ( ascorbic acid)

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30
Q

Anti-scorbotic
Antioxidant

A

Vit. C ( ascorbic acid)

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31
Q

Cevitamic acid

A

Vit. C ( ascorbic acid)

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32
Q

Alternative name:
Hesperidin & rutin ( citrin)

A

Vit. P

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33
Q

Best source or distribution:
Flavonoids derived especially from citrus Ruta, Sophora and other genera

A

Vit. P ( hesperidin / rutin ( citrin )

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34
Q

Body function:
Capillary fragility and permeability

A

Vit. P ( Hesperidin / rutin ( citrin )

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35
Q

Deficiency:
Decreased capillary resistance

A

Vit. P ( Hesperidin / rutin ( citrin) )

36
Q

Thiamine
Aneurine

A

Vit. B1

37
Q

Best source or distribution:
Rice polishing ( oryza sativa)
Cereal germ
Animal organs
Synthetically

A

Vit. B1 ( thiamine / Aneurine )

38
Q

Body function:

Involved in protein synthesis
For carbohydrate metabolism and normal functioning of the nervous system

A

Vit. B1 ( thiamine / Aneurine )

39
Q

What is the generic name of tiki-tiki

A

Thiamine / rice polishing extract

40
Q

Deficiency:
Beri-beri
S/S
*Loss appetite
* Muscular atrophy
* Mental disturbance

A

Vit. B1 ( thiamine/ Aneurine )

41
Q

The vitamin____ is comprised of a pyrimidine and a thiazole unit connected by a methylene bridge

A

Vit. B1

42
Q

Riboflavin/ Lactoflavin

A

Vit. B2

43
Q

Best source or distribution:

Widely distributed in both plants and animals
Bacteria, yeast, and other fungi ( saccharomyces )
Cereal grains and many fruits

A

Vit. B2 ( Riboflavin / Lactoflavin)

44
Q

The function:
Redox reactions ( as FAD which yields 2 moles of ATP )

A

Vit. B2

45
Q

Deficiency:
Cheilosis ( denuded lips )
Stomatitis
Glossitis
Cracking of the corners of mouth
Dermatitis
Conjunctivitis

A

Vit. B2 ( Riboflavin / Lactoflavin)

46
Q

Vit. G

A

Vit. B2

47
Q

Stain the urine

A

Vit. B2

48
Q

Niacin
Niacinamide
Nicotinic acid
Nicotinamide

A

Vit. B3

49
Q

Best source:

Milk, eggs, meat and organs ( liver ), yeast
Malted barley or may be prepared by fermentation

A

Vit. B3
( Niacin, niacinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide)

50
Q

The function:
Redox reactions ( as NAD which yields 3 moles of ATP)

A

Vit. B3
( Niacin, niacinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide)

51
Q

Deficiency:
Pellarga ( rough skin )
3 D’s : dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

A

Vit. B3

52
Q

Most stable vitamin

A

Vit. B3

53
Q

Skin whitening
Anti hyperlipidemic
PP factor ( pellarga preventive factor

A

Vit. B3 ( niacin )

54
Q

Choline

A

Vit. B4

55
Q

Best source are yolk and meat organs

A

Vit. B4 ( Choline )

56
Q

Body function:
Transport and utilization of fat methylating agent and formation of creatinine.

A

Vit. B4 ( Choline )

57
Q

Nitrogenous base found in lecithin

A

Vit. B4 ( choline )

58
Q

Pantothenic acid

A

Vit. B5

59
Q

Best source or distribution:
Yeast, liver, red meat, chicken, milk, mushrooms, beans, bananas ,nuts, avocados, potatoes

A

Vit. B5 ( pantothenic acid)

60
Q

Body function: structural component of acetyl- CoA
Special notes : ingredient of shampoos

A

Vit. B5 ( pantothenic acid)

61
Q

Deficiency
Fatigue
Impaired coordination and irritability

A

Vit. B5 ( pantothenic acid)

62
Q

Pyridoxine
Pyridoxamine HCl
Pyridoxal PO4

A

Vit. B6

63
Q

Best source or distribution
Meats and organs
Prepared synthetically but present in many food stuffs, including yeast, liver, red meat, fish, yogurt, bananas, cabbage, whole grains

A

Vit. B6 ( pyridoxine )

64
Q

Body function:
Protein synthesis and fat metabolism

A

Vit. B6 ( pyridoxine )

65
Q

Deficiency:
Convulsions
Peripheral neuritis ( polyneuritis)
Skin disease

A

Vit. B6 ( pyridoxine)

66
Q

Antidote for INH

A

Vit. B6 ( pyridoxine)

67
Q

Biotin

A

Vit. B7

68
Q

Best sources:
Meat and organs
Yeast, peanuts, chocolates, carrots,liver kidney, eggs

A

Vit. B7 ( Biotin )

69
Q

Body function:
Fat and carbohydrate metabolism

A

Vit. B7 ( biotin )

70
Q

Deficiency:
Alopecia
Anorexia
Memory loss
Mental depression

A

Vit.B7 ( biotin )

71
Q

Vit. H
Coenzyme R

A

Vit. B7

72
Q

Inositol

A

Vit. B8

73
Q

Body function: synergistic and lipotrophic effect of choline

A

Vit. B8 ( Inositol )

74
Q

Anti-gray hair factor

A

Vit. B8 ( Inositol)

75
Q

Folic acid
Folacin
Pteroyl glutamate ( PGA )
Vit. M

A

Vit. B9

76
Q

Best source:
Spinach
Yeast, liver , green plants , wholemeal bread , oranges , nuts

A

Vit. B9 ( Folic acid )

77
Q

Body function:
Purine and pyrimidine synthesis
For cell division and normal production of red blood cells

A

Vit. B9 ( folic acid )

78
Q

Deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia
Diarrhea
Loss of weight

A

Vit. B9 ( folic acid )

79
Q

Leucovorin
Anti-cancer derivative

A

Vit. B9 ( folic acid )

80
Q

Cyanocobalamin

A

Vit. B12

81
Q

Best source/ Distribution:
Meat and organs ( liver )
From the metabolic product of microorganisms such as Streptomyces griseus

A

Vit. B12 ( cyanocobalamin )

82
Q

Body function:
Nucleic acid synthesis
Mylen synthesis

A

Vit. B12 ( cyanocobalamin )

83
Q

Deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia

A

Vit. B12 ( cyanocobalamin )

84
Q

Ubidecanenone
Coenzyme Q10 ( vit. Q10)

A

Ubiquinone 10

85
Q

Best source/ distribution:
A coenzyme found in liver
Other metabolic tissues a plants and animals

A

Ubiquinone 10 ( ubidecanenone )

86
Q

Body function:
Free radical scavenger
Antioxidant
Membrane stabilizer

A

Ubiquinone 10 ( ubidecanenone )

87
Q

Solid to general public as a popular food supplement for protection against heart and gum disease and for maintaining general well-being.

A

Ubiquinone 10

Pcog (5 decks)

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