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Pcog > M19 > Flashcards

M19 Flashcards

1
Q

Known as biological catalyst

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

Is a molecule upon in biological reaction by an enzyme

A

Substrate

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3
Q

Nonprotein part of an enzyme
Substance that most enzyme requires for their activities

A

Co-factor

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4
Q

Vitamin co-factors
Cofactors dissociated from the enzymes

A

Co-enzymes/ co-substrate

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5
Q

NAD+/NADH

A

(Nicotinamide adenine reduce form dinucleotide) B3

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6
Q

FAD/ FADH2

A

Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide

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7
Q

Common cofactor of transferase

A

Pyridoxal

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8
Q

Related to FMN ( flavine monocleotide ) and FAD coenzyme

A

Vit. B2

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9
Q

Responsible for the oxidative deamination of amino acid

A

FMN and FAD

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10
Q

Give an example of Prosthetic Group

A

Fe ( Iron )
Co ( Cobalt )
Mo ( Molybdenum )
Mn ( Manganese )
K ( Potassium)
Mg ( Magnesium )
Se ( Selenium)

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11
Q

A cofactors that remain tightly bound to the enzyme

A

Prosthetic group

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12
Q

Protein portion of an enzyme without a bond cofactor

A

Apoenzyme

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13
Q

Active form of an enzyme

A

Holoenzyme

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14
Q

Inactive form of an enzyme

A

Zymogen or proenzyme

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15
Q

Secreted as inactive zymogen

A

Proteases

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16
Q

Inactivated to pepsin by gastric acid ( HCl) and by inactivated pepsin ( autocatalyst )

A

Pepsinogen

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17
Q

In small intestine, precursor of trypsin

A

Trypsinogen

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18
Q

Hydrolyzed peptide bond between specific amino acid throughout the molecules

A

Endopeptidases

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19
Q

Catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bond one at the time from free carboxyl terminal

A

Exopeptidases

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20
Q

Secreted in the pancreatic juice, release amino acid from free carboxyl terminal

A

Carboxypeptidase

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21
Q

Secreted by the intestinal mucosa, release amino acid from the three imuno terminal

A

Aminopeptidase

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22
Q

Hydrolyzed dipeptide and the border of the intestinal mucosa cell

A

Dipeptidase

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23
Q

Give the six classification of enzyme

A

Oxidoreductase
Transferase
Hydrolases
Lyases
Isomerase
Ligases

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24
Q

Subclass of oxidoreductase

A

Peroxidase
Oxidase
Reductase
dihydrogenase

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25
Q

Transfer of an amino group to substrate

A

Transaminases

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26
Q

Transfer of phosphate group to substrate

A

Kinases

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27
Q

Hydrolysis of easter group in lipids

A

Lipases

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28
Q

Removal of a functional group to form a double bond or breaking of a double bond by an interaction of a functional group

A

Lyases

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29
Q

Isomerization of chiral center in substrate

A

Epimerace

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30
Q

Catalyze the coupling of two molecules forming a covalent linkage using an energy released from the hydrolysis pyrophosphate bond

A

Ligases

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31
Q

Forms new bond between two substrate

A

Synthetase

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32
Q

Forms new bond between substrate and co2

A

Carboxylase

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33
Q

Connects with akazaki fragment

A

DNA ligase

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34
Q

Found in salivary gland

A

Amylase and diastase ( ptyalin)

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35
Q

Found in pancreas

A

Amylopsin

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36
Q

Found in yeast and intestinal juices. Briings about the hydrolysis of sucrose from the forming glucose and fructose

A

Invertase ( sucrase )

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37
Q

Convert CHO to OH and CO2

A

Zymase

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38
Q

Found in stomach of young mammals, gastric juices of infants

A

Rennin

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39
Q

Stomach of Sus Scrofa

A

Pepsin

40
Q

Formed by the action of enterokinase on tripsinogen and small intestine pancreatic juice

A

Trypsin

41
Q

Found in pancreas of sus scrofa or Bos taurus

A

Pancreatin

42
Q

Use in crudles of soluble casein in milk

A

Rennin

43
Q

Converts proteosis and peptones into polypeptides and amino acids, debridement of necrotic and pyogenic surface lesions

A

Trypsin

44
Q

Use as digestive aids

A

Pancreatin ( amylase , lipase, protease

45
Q

Relief symptoms of episiotomy ( vaginal incision), cleaning solutions of soft contact lenses beef or meat tenderizer

A

Papain

46
Q

Reduce inflammation and edema, accelerate tissue repair after episiotomy

A

Bromelains

47
Q

Injected in the nucleus pulposus to hydrolyze the noncollagenous polypeptides or proteins, which maintain the tertiary structure of chondromucoprotein

A

Chromopapain

48
Q

Prepared from mammalian testis

A

Hyaluronidase ( for injection)

49
Q

Found in bacillus substilis

A

SUTILAINS

50
Q

Use as wood debridement

A

Sutilains

51
Q

Found in clostridium histolytica

A

Collagenase

52
Q

Found in E. coli

A

L-asparaginase

53
Q

Use as anti tumor, used to induce hematologic and clinical remissions with acute leukemia in children

A

L-asparaginase

54
Q

Found in yeast and intestinal juices and used to convert maltose to glucose units

A

Maltase

55
Q

Found in pancreatic juice

A

Carboxy polypeptidase

56
Q

Most important enzyme in controlling glycolysis

A

Hexokinase

57
Q

Is the key enzyme that links glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation

A

Pyruvate kinase

58
Q

Decrease blood coagulation

A

Heparin Na

59
Q

Dissolves blood clot

A

Streptokinase
Urokinase

60
Q

Is an oxidizing enzyme which converts fibrinogen to fibrin

A

Thrombin

61
Q

Adds an inorganic phosphate to break a bond

A

Phosphorylase

62
Q

Bypass the pyruvate kinase reaction of glycolysis

A

Pyruvate carboxylase & phosphoenolpyruvate PEP carboxykinase

63
Q

3 Phosphoglyceraldehyde to 1, 3- Diphosphoceric acid

A

Dihydrogenase

64
Q

Acetaldehyde to ethanol

A

Alcohol dihydrogenase

65
Q

Glucose-6-PO4 to fructose -6-PO4

A

Phosphohexose isomerase

66
Q

Pyruvic acid to acetaldehyde

A

Pyruvic acid decarboxylase

67
Q

Aids in the oxidation decarboxylation of pyruvic acid with pyruvic acid dihydrogenase

A

Lipoic acid

68
Q

Phenylalanine to tyrosine

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

69
Q

Catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA and Oxaloacetate to citrate

A

Citrate Synthase

70
Q

Hydrogen peroxide to water

A

Catalase

71
Q

Uric acid to allantoin

A

Uricase

72
Q

Uric acid is the end product of

A

Purine catabolism

73
Q

Employed to bypass the hexokinase reaction

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate

74
Q

It’s deficiency predisposes person taking some therapeutic agents ( e.g Aminoquinoline, Sulfonamides, Propantheline ) to hemolytic anemia

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate

75
Q

Present only in the liver and kidney and not in the muscle

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate

76
Q

This is used to bypass the phosphofructokinase ( PFK ) reaction

A

Fructose biphosphatase

77
Q

Fructose -6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate
Most important in controlling glycolysis

A

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

78
Q

Deficient in Alkaptonuria

A

Hemogentisate Hydroxylase

79
Q

Deficient in Mapple Syrup Urine syndrome, result in the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids- leucine, isoleucine and valine

A

Alpha-ketoacid decarboxylase

80
Q

Cleaves a carbon to carbon bond to create an aldehyde group

A

Aldolase

81
Q

Cleaves amylase to maltose and maltotriose

A

a-amylase

82
Q

When trypsinogen is converted into tripsin

A

Enterokinase

83
Q

More concentrated form of pancreatine

A

Pancrelipase

84
Q

Increased 12-fold lipase activity & 4-fold increase amylase and protease activity

A

Pancrelipase

85
Q

Used for steaborrhea because it acts as a digestive aid by increasing the intestinal absorption of fat

A

Pancrelipase

86
Q

Attacks protopectin yielding soluble pectin

A

Protopectase

87
Q

An enzyme brings about by oxidation reaction causing discoloration fo bruised fruit

A

Peroxidase

88
Q

A rare human disorder, which progress to photosensitivity, caused by inherited excinuclease deficiency

A

Xeroderma Pigmentosa

89
Q

Is the genetic condition characterized by deficiency of enzyme branch-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase: leucine, isoleucine, valine

A

Maple Syrup Disease

90
Q

Breaks down cyanogenic glycoside

A

Emulsin

91
Q

Breaks down isothiocyanate glycosides

A

Myrosin

92
Q

Waste product of break down of purines

A

Uric acid

93
Q

Use in Embolism and Thrombosis

A

Streptokinase and Urokinase

94
Q

Topically to debride ulcers and burns

A

Collagenase

95
Q

Use:
Spreading and diffusing factor

A

Hyaluronidase

Pcog (5 decks)

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