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MIL > M2: topic 2 > Flashcards

M2: topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Traditional or new media

media experience is limited

A

traditional

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2
Q

Traditional or new media

one directional

A

traditional

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3
Q

Traditional or new media

sense receptors used are very specific

A

traditional

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4
Q

Traditional or new media

media experience is more interactive

A

new

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5
Q

Traditional or new media

audiences are more involved and can send feedback simultaneously

A

new

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6
Q

Traditional or new media

integrates all the aspects of old media

A

new

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7
Q

Normative theories of teh press

  1. A________
  2. S______ Media/Communist
  3. L________
  4. Social r___________
A
  1. Authoritarian
  2. Soviet Media/Communist
  3. Libertarian
  4. Social Responsibility
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8
Q

Authoritarian Theory
Proponents:

A philosopher
who argued for the need for strong central
authority to avoid chaos and conflict,
indirectly supporting the idea that the state
should control the press

A

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

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9
Q

Authoritarian Theory
Proponents:

His ideas
on power and control influenced authoritarian
views, including the belief that the media
should serve the interests of those in power

A

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527)`

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10
Q

Authoritarian theory in philippine context

where media was
controlled and censored by
the government to maintain
power and suppress dissent

A

Martial Law under
Ferdinand Marcos (1972-
1981),

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11
Q

Soviet Media Theory
Proponents

Their ideas on communism laid the groundwork for
Soviet Media Theory, advocating for state control of all
means of production, including the media.

A

Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-
1895):

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12
Q

Soviet Media Theory
Proponents

He further developed the
idea that the media should be used as a tool for
advancing the communist revolution and maintaining
state power

A

Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924)

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13
Q

Soviet Media in philippine context

Operates
underground media to
propagate communist
ideology, reflecting
Soviet Media principles

A

National Democratic
Front of the Philippines
(NDFP):

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14
Q

Libertarian Theory
Proponents:

Advocated for freedom of
expression as a fundamental right, believing that a free
marketplace of ideas is essential for discovering truth

A

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873):

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15
Q

Libertarian Theory
Proponents:

In his work “Areopagitica”
(1644), Milton argued against censorship and for the
freedom of speech, laying the foundation for the
Libertarian Theory.

A

John Milton (1608-1674)

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16
Q

Libertarian Theory
Proponents:

His ideas on natural rights and
the importance of individual freedom strongly influenced
the development of the Libertarian Theor

A

John Locke (1632-1704):

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17
Q

Libertarian Theory in philippine context

Characterized by an
independent press critical of the government,
fostering investigative journalism and reflecting
Libertarian ideals

A

Post-EDSA Revolution Media Freedom
(1990s and 2000s):

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18
Q

Social Responsibility Theory
Proponents:

His Commission on Freedom
of the Press (Hutchins Commission) in 1947 is often credited
with formulating the Social Responsibility Theory. The
commission argued that freedom of the press must be
accompanied by responsible behavior to serve the public
good.

A

Robert Hutchins (1899-1977):

19
Q

Social Responsibility Theory
Proponents:

A communication scholar who
expanded on the Social Responsibility Theory, emphasizing
the ethical obligations of the media to society

A

Theodore Peterson:

20
Q

Social Responsibility theory in philippine context

Exemplified the Social
Responsibility Theory by providing balanced, critical
reporting that served the public interest during a
national crisis

A

ABS-CBN’s coverage during Typhoon Yolanda
(Haiyan) in 2013:

21
Q

oldest form of the press

A

Authoritarian theory

22
Q

role of the press is to be a servant of the government

A

Authoritarian theory

23
Q

necessary to control the media to protect and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication (information or news)

A

Authoritarian theory

24
Q

Journalist or any media persons should not have any rights to comment, discriminate or stand against the government

A

Authoritarian theory

24
Q

Sometimes, an authority gives considerable freedom to minority thoughts and cultural issues to promote them if it doesn’t make any threats to authority or ruler.

A

Authoritarian theory

25
Q

Authoritarian theory

is a suppression of any communication which may consider as harmful to the people, King, government and its nation.

A

censorship

26
Q

different types of censorship

  1. p_______ censor
  2. R__________ censor
  3. C__________ censor
  4. M______ censor
  5. M_______ censor
A
  1. political censor
  2. religious censor
  3. corporate censor
  4. moral censor
  5. military censor
27
Q

Authoritarian theory

control of the press is carried out by:

  1. giving p________to only certain P___________
  2. prosecuting anyone who violates s___________
  3. T__________ governments (example in the1990s: Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic)
A

Authoritarian theory

control of the press is carried out by:

  1. giving permits to only certain printers
  2. prosecuting anyone who violates standards
  3. totalitarian governments (example in the1990s: Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic)
28
Q

press is run by the government to serve the government’s own needs

A

Communist Theory

29
Q

only one valid political and social philosophy, “the state have absolute power to control any media for the benefits of people”

A

Communist Theory

30
Q

Communist Theory
proposes the following principles:

The media are an i__________of the government and the Communist Party.
The media’s main purpose is to act as a t______for government propaganda.

A

Communist Theory
proposes the following principles:

The media are an instrument of the government and the Communist Party.
The media’s main purpose is to act as a tool for government propaganda.

31
Q

Press belongs to the people and serves as an independent observer of the government.

A

Libertarian Theory

32
Q

The functions of the press are to inform, entertain, and advertise.

A

Libertarian Theory

33
Q

is free from any authority or any control or censorship.

A

Libertarianism

34
Q

is free from any authority or any control or censorship.

A

Libertarianism

35
Q

Libertarian Theory
It is based on the following principles:

  1. People want to know the t___ and be guided by it.
  2. The only way to arrive at the truth is for ideas to be f_____ and openly d________.
  3. Different people will have different opinions, and everyone must be allowed to develop their own.
  4. The most r_____-ideas will be the most accepted
A

Libertarian Theory
It is based on the following principles:

People want to know the truth and be guided by it.

The only way to arrive at the truth is for ideas to be freely and openly discussed.

Different people will have different opinions, and everyone must be allowed to develop their own.

The most rational ideas will be the most accepted

36
Q

allows free press without any censorship but at the same time the content of the press should be discussed in public panel and media should accept any obligation from public interference or professional self regulations or both.

A

Social Responsibility Theory

37
Q

Social Responsibility Theory
Public panel or commission of press council, identifies/ creates;

Formulate the c____ of c_______for the press.

Improve the standards of J_________.

S____________ the interests of journalism and journalist.

Criticise and make some p________for violating the code of conduct.

A

Social Responsibility Theory
Public panel or commission of press council, identifies/ creates;

Formulate the code of conduct for the press.

Improve the standards of journalism.

Safeguarding the interests of journalism and journalist.

Criticise and make some penalty for violating the code of conduct.

38
Q

Social Responsibility Theory
The theory allows…

Everyone to say something or express their o________-about the media.

C________ opinion, Consumer action and professional ethics.

Serious invasion of recognized p____ rights and vital social i_______.

A

Social Responsibility Theory
The theory allows…

Everyone to say something or express their opinion about the media.

Community opinion, Consumer action and professional ethics.

Serious invasion of recognized private rights and vital social interests.

39
Q

Social Responsibility Theory
The theory allows…

Private o________- in media may give better public service unless government has to take over to assure the public to provide better media service.

Media must take care of social r_______- and if they do not, government or other organisation will do.

A

Social Responsibility Theory
The theory allows…

Private ownership in media may give better public service unless government has to take over to assure the public to provide better media service.

Media must take care of social responsibility and if they do not, government or other organisation will do.

40
Q

Norms for the press in the 21st century

A

Development Theory

41
Q

addresses the special needs of emerging nations

A

Development theory

42
Q

governments may feel that they need to restrict freedom of the press in order to promote industry, national identity, and partnerships with neighboring nations

A

Development theory

MIL (6 decks)

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