M2 Topic 1: global challenges Flashcards
what factors lead to people to settle in certain areas (2)
physical factors
human factors
list examples of physical factors (3)
relief
climate
water supply
what is an example of a human migration due to relief
Bangladesh- flat plains and low lying areas
what is an example of a human migration due to climate
Spanish costas- area with high amount of sunshine
what is an example of a human migration due to water supply
North west Europe- reliable supply of water
list examples of human factors (3)
economic
political
social
what is an example of a human migration due to economic factors
New York- port access
what is an example of a human migration due to political factors
Tokyo- large government investment
what is an example of a human migration due to social factors
Arizona- better housing
when did population start to rise
beginning of the 19th century
when did the worlds population reach 2 billion
1930
what is the population today
7 billion
what is the predicted population for the future when the population will plateau
11 billion
what is the equation for total fertility rate
number of children born/women reproductive years
what is a change in population dependant
the balance between birth rate and death rate
what is birth rate
the average number of live births per 1000 people in a total population
what is death rate
average number of deaths per 1000 people in the population
what is natural increase
when birth rates out weigh death rates
what is natural decrease
when death rates out weigh birth rates
what is age structure
the distribution of age groups in a population
what is the equation of natural increase
number of live births - number of deaths (per year)
what is child mortality rate
the number of deaths in children under 5 years of age in a year
what is infant mortality rate
the number of deaths under the age of one among live births in an area per year
what is demography
the study of statistics that show the change in the structure of the human population
what are demographic changes
when a populations age structure adjusts to change in living conditions
what are demographic transitions
the change of birth and death rates as a country develops
what is migration
the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling
