M2: NOMENCLATURE Flashcards
- The SMALLEST PARTICLE OF AN ELEMENT that maintains its CHEMICAL IDENTITY
- BUILDING BLOCKS OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE
ATOM
VERTICAL COLUMNS
GROUPSH
HORIZONTAL ROWS
PERIODS
“Fundamental Unit of Matter”
ATOM
“Electrically charged particles” formed due to TRANSFER of ELECTRONS
IONS
- POSITIVELY charged
- LOSS of Electron
CATION
- NEGATIVELY charged
- GAIN of Electron
ANION
Cations are usually ____
METALS
Anions are usually ____
NON METALS
HIGHER CHARGE prefix
-ic
LOWER CHARGE prefix
-ous
Li+
Lithium ion
Na+
Sodium ion
K+
Potassium ion
H+
Hydrogen ion
NH4+
Ammonium ion
Ag+
Silver ion
Be2+
beryllium ion
Mg2+
magnesium ion
Ca2+
Calcium ion
Sr2+
Strontium ion
Ba2+
barium ion
Zn2+
Zinc ion
Cd2+
cadmium ion
Al3+
aluminum ion
Ga3+
gallium ion
Fe2+
ferrous ion
Fe3+
ferric ion
Co2+
cobaltous ion
Co3+
cobaltic ion
Cr2+
chromous ion
Cr3+
chromic ion
Mn2+
manganous ion
Mn3+
manganic ion
Ni2+
nickelous ion
Ni3+
nickelic ion
Pb2+
plumbous ion
Pb4+
plumbic ion
Sn2+
stannous ion
Sn4+
stannic ion
Sb3+
antimonous ion
Sb5+
antimonic ion
Bi3+
bismuthous ion
Bi5+
bismuthic ion
As3+
arsenic III ion
As5+
arsenic V ion
Cu+
cuprous ion
Cu2+
cupric ion
Hg2 2+
mercurous ion
Hg2+
mercuric ion
Au+
aurous ion
Au3+
auric ion
Stable atom needs to complete 8 electrons
OCTET RULE
H-
Hydride
C-4
Carbide
N-3
Nitride
O-2
oxide
F-
flouride
As-3
Arsenide
OH-
hydroxide
CN-
cyanide
HS-
hydrogen sulfide
non-metal + oxygen
OXYANIONS
LESS oxygen prefix
-ite
MORE oxygen prefix
-ate
prefix pag may oxygen
-ite - less oxygen
-ate - more oxygen
CrO4 ^2-
chromate
BO3 ^3-
borate
CO3 ^2-
carbonate
NO2-
nitrite
NO3-
nitrate
SO3 ^-2
sulfite
SO4 ^-2
sulfate
PO3 ^3-
PHOSPHITE
PO4 ^3-
PHOSPHATE
CO3 ^2-
CARBONATE
CNO-
CYANATE
OCN-
ISOCYANATE
SCN-
THIOCYANATE
ClO4-
PERCHLORATE
ClO3-
CHLORATE
ClO2-
CHLORITE
ClO-
HYPOCHLORITE
Cl-
CHLORIDE
BrO4-
PERBROMATE
BrO3-
BROMATE
BrO2-
BROMITE
BrO-
HYPOBROMITE
Br-
BROMIDE
prefix kapag may H (Hydrogen)
bi-
HCO3-
BICARBONATE
HSO4-
BISULFATE
composed of CATIONS and ANIONS
IONIC COMPOUND
composed of non metals only
COVALENT COMPOUND
produces H+ in water
ACID
METAL + NON METAL
IONIC COMPOUNDS
NON-METAL + NON-METAL
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
HEMATINIC
FeSO4 - FERROUS SULFATE
Naming IONIC COMPOUNDS
cation name first, then anion
ELECTROLYTE REPLENISHER
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE - KCl
LUNAR CAUSTIC
SILVER NITARTE - AgNO3
MILK OF MAGNESIA
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE - Mg(OH)2
CALOMEL
MERCUROUS CHLORIDE - Hg2Cl2
naming acids
HYDRO-
HCl
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HF
HYDROFLOURIC ACID
HCN-
HYDROCYANIC ACID
HNO2-
NITROUS ACID
HNO3-
NITRIC ACID
H2SO3
SULFUROUS ACID
H2SO4
SULFURIC ACID
HClO4
PERCHLORIC ACID
HClO3
CHLORIC ACID
HClO2
CHLOROUS ACID
HClO
HYPOCHLOROUS ACID
HCl
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HBr
HYDROBROMIC ACID
H2CO3
CARBONIC ACID
H3PO3
PHOSPHOROUS ACID
prefixes used to tell the number of water
1 mono
2 di
3 tri
4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa
7 hepta
8 octa
9 nona
10 deca
EPSOM SALT
MAGNESIUM SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE
GLAUBER’S SALT
SODIUM SULFATE DECAHYDRATE
GYPSUM
CALCIUM SULFATE DIHYDRATE
PLASTER OF PARIS
CALCIUM SULFATE HEMIHYDRATE
WHITE VITRIOL
ZINC SULFATE
GREEN VITRIOL
FERROUS SULFATE
BLUE VITRIOL
CUPRIC SULFATE
OIL OF VITRIOL
SULFURIC ACID
naming covalent
name of the first nonmetal then use -ide in second non metal
CO2
CARBON DIOXIDE
H2O
DIHYDROGEN MONOXIDE
CCl4
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
N2O4
DINITROGEN TETROXIDE
BP
BORON MONOPHOSPHIDE
P2Se3
DIPHOSPHOROUS TRISELENIDE
LIMESTONE / CHALK
CaCO3 - CALCIUM CARBONATE
GALENA
PbS - LEAD (II) SULFIDE
LAUGHING GAS
N2O - NITROUS OXIDE