M2: Historical review of racism in canada Flashcards
race
a term used to classify people into groups based principally on their physical traits such as skin colour - not based on science, socially constructed
racism
any attitude, action, institutional structure, or social policy that subordinates groups/people bc of their racial group membership - indv racism and systemic racism
racialization
process by which groups becoming socially constructed as races
racial discrimination
any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on race which impairs the exercise of human rights/freedoms
white privilege
inherent advantages possessed by a white person
system of oppression
are conscious and unconscious, non‐random, and organized harassment, discrimination, exploitation, discrimination, prejudice and other forms of unequal treatment that impact different groups.
colonialism
intentional process by which a political power from one territory exerts control over another - unequal power relations - exploiting it economically
white supremacy
is the ideology that white people and their beliefs are superior to other races. Although not exclusively, white supremacy has been associated with extremist groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the neo-Nazis.
doctrine of discovery
an international law issued by Pope Nicholas V , which permitted explorers to colonize vacant lands.
the home of Indigenous Peoples - they were not Christians, they were not considered human beings
not renounced to this day
foundation of the hudson’s bay company charter
This company focused on the fur trade
took lots of land
named it after Prince Rupert
indigenous ppls labour was crucial
spread euro diseases
jay’s treaty
signed on 1794 to allow peacefull trade bw brits and US - abolished in 1812 war - impact indigneous ppl crossing
reserves
past, but still true:
-federal land w no title granted to first nations
- sig poverty
- prevented traditional hunting
- illegal via indian act to challenge restrictions 1927
- no consulted when creaated, not compensated, resources taken
- needed permission to leave
current
- not enough housing
- dont get the same treaty rights if off the reserve
- very isolated and do not have electricity or running water
crown lands protection act
Made the gov the guardian of all crown lands including Indian Reserve Lands
mount elgin industrial school
residential school 20 mile SW of london
7.5 hours physical labour and 5.5 hours school in a day
Act of gradual civilization and gradual enfranchisement – 1857 to 1869
sought to assimilate Indigenous Peoples into Canadian settler society. The Gradual
spread of small pox
Smallpox disease spread massively – huge loss
It also impacted governance in some nations. Stories, knowledge and skills were lost with those who carried them
The massive population decline paved the way for colonists to move further into Indigenous lands without establishing treaty relations
indian act 1876
aims to eradicate First Nations culture in favour of assimilation into Euro-Canadian society. The Act also reinforces that Status Indians must voluntarily give up status and treaty rights to vote federally. Status Indian women are barred from voting in band council elections
Indian day schools
assimilation tools against Indigenous children, which were funded by the government and run by Christian churches. Unlike Residential Schools, Day School students stayed in their communities and returned to their families in the evenings. Nonetheless, Day Schools were places where students suffered physical, verbal, and sexual abuse
residential school sys
Sir John A. Macdonald authorizes residential schools to force Indigenous children out of their villages and homes to assimilate them into the Canadian settler culture and eliminate Indigenous Peoples’ cultures
criminalization of potlaches which are for
redistribute wealth, establish claims to names powers and rights to hunting and fishing territories
the last federally run residential school closed in
1996
canada refused _____ refugees during the holocaust
907 jewish
canada recruited ____ workers during 1880 to work on the _____ in BC
15000
pacific railway
chinese head tax
until 1923 Chinese immigrants had to pay up to 500$ to enter Canada
asiatic exclusion league
in 1907, created in BC ->riots protesting against asian immigration
1914 komogata maru ship was
legally trying to enter Canada, but they were denied entry go back to and stuck on the ship for 2 months before being forced to go back to India
____ of ______ were detained in BC during WWII, gov sold their homes/businesses
90% of japanese canadians
_____ were enslaved in _____ before it was abolished
+4000 people, Canada
in 1709 King Louis XIV authorized what in new france
slavery
fugitive slave act
encouraged the capture of escaped slaves to return them, leading to people trying to get all the way to Canada
harriet tubman
made 19 trips in 10 years, set free hundreds of enslaved people
Foundation of Dawn of Tormorrow
James Jenkins, born in Georgia 1884, arrived in London On in 1907
First black newspaper (explored how black canadians and Americans could work together)
viola desmond
Physically dragged out of a theater and detained in jail for the night
1927 First Convention of the Canadian League for the Advancement of Colored People
People met in London On from Windsor, Toronto, and the US
1964-1970 demolishion of _____
Africville, City of halifax refused to give amenities
