M2: Historical review of racism in canada

Question 1

race

Answer 1

a term used to classify people into groups based principally on their physical traits such as skin colour - not based on science, socially constructed

Question 2

racism

Answer 2

any attitude, action, institutional structure, or social policy that subordinates groups/people bc of their racial group membership - indv racism and systemic racism

Question 3

racialization

Answer 3

process by which groups becoming socially constructed as races

Question 4

racial discrimination

Answer 4

any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on race which impairs the exercise of human rights/freedoms

Question 5

white privilege

Answer 5

inherent advantages possessed by a white person

Question 6

system of oppression

Answer 6

are conscious and unconscious, non‐random, and organized harassment, discrimination, exploitation, discrimination, prejudice and other forms of unequal treatment that impact different groups.

Question 7

colonialism

Answer 7

intentional process by which a political power from one territory exerts control over another - unequal power relations - exploiting it economically

Question 8

white supremacy

Answer 8

is the ideology that white people and their beliefs are superior to other races. Although not exclusively, white supremacy has been associated with extremist groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the neo-Nazis.

Question 9

doctrine of discovery

Answer 9

an international law issued by Pope Nicholas V , which permitted explorers to colonize vacant lands.

the home of Indigenous Peoples - they were not Christians, they were not considered human beings

not renounced to this day

Question 10

foundation of the hudson’s bay company charter

Answer 10

This company focused on the fur trade

took lots of land

named it after Prince Rupert

indigenous ppls labour was crucial

spread euro diseases

Question 11

jay’s treaty

Answer 11

signed on 1794 to allow peacefull trade bw brits and US - abolished in 1812 war - impact indigneous ppl crossing

Question 12

reserves

Answer 12

past, but still true:
-federal land w no title granted to first nations
- sig poverty
- prevented traditional hunting
- illegal via indian act to challenge restrictions 1927
- no consulted when creaated, not compensated, resources taken
- needed permission to leave

current
- not enough housing
- dont get the same treaty rights if off the reserve
- very isolated and do not have electricity or running water

Question 13

crown lands protection act

Answer 13

Made the gov the guardian of all crown lands including Indian Reserve Lands

Question 14

mount elgin industrial school

Answer 14

residential school 20 mile SW of london

7.5 hours physical labour and 5.5 hours school in a day

Question 15

Act of gradual civilization and gradual enfranchisement – 1857 to 1869

Answer 15

sought to assimilate Indigenous Peoples into Canadian settler society. The Gradual

Question 16

spread of small pox

Answer 16

Smallpox disease spread massively – huge loss
It also impacted governance in some nations. Stories, knowledge and skills were lost with those who carried them
The massive population decline paved the way for colonists to move further into Indigenous lands without establishing treaty relations

Question 17

indian act 1876

Answer 17

aims to eradicate First Nations culture in favour of assimilation into Euro-Canadian society. The Act also reinforces that Status Indians must voluntarily give up status and treaty rights to vote federally. Status Indian women are barred from voting in band council elections

Question 18

Indian day schools

Answer 18

assimilation tools against Indigenous children, which were funded by the government and run by Christian churches. Unlike Residential Schools, Day School students stayed in their communities and returned to their families in the evenings. Nonetheless, Day Schools were places where students suffered physical, verbal, and sexual abuse

Question 19

residential school sys

Answer 19

Sir John A. Macdonald authorizes residential schools to force Indigenous children out of their villages and homes to assimilate them into the Canadian settler culture and eliminate Indigenous Peoples’ cultures

Question 20

criminalization of potlaches which are for

Answer 20

redistribute wealth, establish claims to names powers and rights to hunting and fishing territories

Question 21

the last federally run residential school closed in

Answer 21

1996

Question 22

canada refused _____ refugees during the holocaust

Answer 22

907 jewish

Question 23

canada recruited ____ workers during 1880 to work on the _____ in BC

Answer 23

15000
pacific railway

Question 24

chinese head tax

Answer 24

until 1923 Chinese immigrants had to pay up to 500$ to enter Canada

Question 25

asiatic exclusion league

Answer 25

in 1907, created in BC ->riots protesting against asian immigration

Question 26

1914 komogata maru ship was

Answer 26

legally trying to enter Canada, but they were denied entry go back to and stuck on the ship for 2 months before being forced to go back to India

Question 27

____ of ______ were detained in BC during WWII, gov sold their homes/businesses

Answer 27

90% of japanese canadians

Question 28

_____ were enslaved in _____ before it was abolished

Answer 28

+4000 people, Canada

Question 29

in 1709 King Louis XIV authorized what in new france

Answer 29

slavery

Question 30

fugitive slave act

Answer 30

encouraged the capture of escaped slaves to return them, leading to people trying to get all the way to Canada

Question 31

harriet tubman

Answer 31

made 19 trips in 10 years, set free hundreds of enslaved people

Question 32

Foundation of Dawn of Tormorrow

Answer 32

James Jenkins, born in Georgia 1884, arrived in London On in 1907
First black newspaper (explored how black canadians and Americans could work together)

Question 33

viola desmond

Answer 33

Physically dragged out of a theater and detained in jail for the night

Question 34

1927 First Convention of the Canadian League for the Advancement of Colored People

Answer 34

People met in London On from Windsor, Toronto, and the US

Question 35

1964-1970 demolishion of _____

Answer 35

Africville, City of halifax refused to give amenities