M2: Cell Transport

Question 1

diffusion

Answer 1

passive transport: molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 2

concentration gradient

Answer 2

difference in concentration of molecules in a substance moving from high to low concentration

Question 3

osmosis

Answer 3

passive transport: diffusion of WATER molecules through a semi permeable membrane- also from areas of high to low concentration

Question 4

Isotonic solution

Answer 4

two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane, there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

Question 5

hypotonic solution

Answer 5

concentration of solutes in cell greater than that of the area outside, water moves into cell

Question 6

hypertonic solution

Answer 6

concentration of solutes outside greater than concentration inside, water flows out of cell

Question 7

facilitated diffusion

Answer 7

Substances move with concentration gradient through protein channels

Question 8

cell membrane

Answer 8

made of a semi permeable phospholipid bi-layer

Question 9

exocytosis

Answer 9

active transport where substances are removed from the cell

Question 10

endocytosis

Answer 10

active transport where substances are brought into the cell

Question 11

pinocytosis

Answer 11

“drink”; cell “pinches”; the ingestion of liquids into the cell

Question 12

phagocytosis

Answer 12

“eat”; cell “engulfs”; the ingestion of solid into the cell

Question 13

phosphorylation

Answer 13

the addition of one or more phosphate groups

Question 14

exergonic

Answer 14

any process that releases energy- breaking down of ATP

Question 15

endergonic

Answer 15

process that consumes energy- the making of ATP

Question 16

ATP

Answer 16

adenosine triphosphate; a chemical that can diffuse to any part of the cell and release energy; made from organic compounds in the cell through cellular respiration

Question 17

photosynthesis

Answer 17

process by which plants use chlorophyll to trap sunlight energy and make carbohydrates for energy

Question 18

autotrophs

Answer 18

organisms that use energy- usually light- to synthesize their own food

Question 19

heterotrophs

Answer 19

organisms that cannot make their own food and rely on other organisms for food

Question 20

Photosynthesis chemical equation

Answer 20

6CO2 + 12H2O + Energy from light = C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Question 21

photosynthesis word equation

Answer 21

carbon dioxide + water + energy from light = glucose + oxygen gas + water

Question 22

cellular respiration word equation

Answer 22

Organic compounds + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy