M2 Flashcards
are needed whenever we undertake studies or
researches.
Data
They have been used to solve particular
problems or to provide a basis from which certain
decisions are generated.
Data
are information collected from an
original source, which is first-hand in nature.
Primary data
Examples are data collected from interviews and
surveys.
Primary data
are information collected from
published or unpublished sources like books,
newspapers, and theses
Secondary data
This method gives precise and consistent information
because clarifications can be made.
direct/interview method
this method is time
consuming, expensive, and has limited field coverage
direct/interview method
The
researcher obtains the information needed by asking questions and inquiries
from the interviewee.
direct/interview method
This method makes used of a written questionnaire.
indirect/questionnaire method
Using this method, the researcher can save a lot of time and
money in gathering the information needed because questionnaires can be
given to a large number of respondents at the same time
indirect/questionnaire method
This method of collecting data is governed by laws
registration method
For example, birth and
death rates are registered in the NSO for records and future use. The
number of registered cars can be found at LTO. The list of registered voters
in the Philippines can be found at COMELEC.
registration method
This method is usually used to find out cause and effect relationships.
experimental method
Scientific researchers often use this method
experimental method
To determine the sample size from a given population size, the X is commonly used.
Slovin’s
formula
what is the Slovin’s
formula
n = N / (1 + Ne^2
)
Subjects are selected by random numbers
simple random sampling
Researchers obtain X by numbering each
subject of the population and then selecting every kth subject.
systematic samples
Researchers obtain X by dividing the population
into groups according to some characteristic that is
important to the study, then sampling from each group.
stratified samples
Here the population is divided
into groups. Then the researcher
randomly selects some of these clusters and uses all members of the
selected clusters as the subjects of the samples
cluster sampling
is used when the population is large or when it involves
subjects residing in a large geographic area.
Cluster sampling
In an X, the researcher merely observes what is
happening or what has happened in the past and tries to draw
conclusions based on these observations
observational study
In an X, the researcher manipulates one of the
variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences other
variables.
experimental study
