M2-3 Flashcards
Science that studies nutrients and other substances in foods and in the body and the way those nutrients related health and disease. ‘Food at work” in body
Nutrition
Art of the preparation of cooking and presentation of food
Culinary arts
Section of culinary arts which combines food science with cooking skills to create a more nutritious and fulfilling meal
Culinary nutrition
Business leader looks for ideas and put them into effect
Entrepreneur
Any substance which when taken into the body
Food
Provide energy
Go
Build and repairing tissue
Grow
Regulates body processes
Glow
when all essential nutrients are present in the correct proportion as required by our body. Is also known as normal nutrition
Optimum/ Adequate Nutrition
Impairment of health either from a deficiency or excess or imbalance of nutrition
Malnutrition
When all the nutrition are below the requirements
Under nutrition
When nutrition are in excess
Over nuitrition
substance in food provide energy and promote the growth and maintenance of body.
Nutrients
Carbohydrates kcalories
4per gram
Lipid/ fats Kcalories
9 per gram
Protein Kcalories
4 per gram
Nutrients needed by the body in large amount
Macronutrients
Nutrients needed by the body in a small amount
Micronutrients
Chemistry, any compound that contains carbon
Organic
large class of nutrients, including sugars, starch, and fibers, that function as the body’s primary source of energy
Carbohydrates
A group of a fatty substance
Lipids (Fats)
Major structural component of the body’s cells that is made of nitrogen
Protein
13 noncaloric, organic nutrients found in a wide variety of foods that are essential in small quantities to regulate body processes, maintain the body, and allow growth and reproduction.
Vitamins
any compound that does not contain carbon
Inorganic
Non-caloric, inorganic chemical substances found in a wide variety of foods; needed to regulate body processes, maintain the body, and allow growth and reproduction.
Minerals
Inorganic nutrient plays a vital role in all bodily processes and makes up just over half of the body
Water
Nutrients that either cannot be made in the body or cannot be made in the quantities needed by the body; therefore, we must obtain them from food.
Essential nutrients
A measure of the energy in food. contains 1000 calories
Kilocalories
The minimum energy needed by the body for vital functions when at rest and awake
Basal metobolism
BMR
basal metabolic rate
Shelf 1
Water/Liquids
Shelf 2
Rice, Rice product, corn, root
how much of what you eat overall should come from each shelf to achieve a healthy, balanced diet
Food pyramid
Shelf 3
Fruit and vegetables
Shelf 4
Meat, Poultry, fish, eggs, beans, and nuts
Shelf 5
Fats, Spreads and oils
are the levels of intake of essential nutrients that, on the basis of scientific knowledge, are judged by the Food and Nutrition Board to be adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy persons.
Recommended Dietary allowances (RDAs)
PDRI
Philippines Dietary Reference Intake
Hydrate (Water) of carbon
Carbohydrate
Simple carbohydrate
Sugar
Plants can make their own carbohydrates
Photosynthesis
Include sugars that occur naturally in foods
Simple Carbohydrates (Sugar)
Include starch and fiber
Complex Carbohydrates (Polysaccharide)
The primary source of body energy
Carbohydrates
it can be used by the brain for energy without any carbohydrate present
Ketone Bodies
an excessive level of ketone bodies
Ketosis
Complex of carbohydrate, promotes the functioning of the intestinal tract and is associated with a reduced risk of developing heart disease
Fiber
Simple-form carbohydrates therefore cannot be simplified
Monosaccharide
Most abundant sugar found in nature
Glucose
The concentration of glucose in the blood
Blood glucose level
sweetest natural sugar. Honey, fruits
Fructose
Not present in nature
Galactose
Chemical name for white sugar
sucrose
consist of 2 bonded glucose
Maltose
Commonly called milk sugar
Lactose
Sweeteners added to foods in processing
Added sugar
made from beet sugar or cane sugar
White sugar
Sweeter than sucrose (white sugar)
Invert sugar
Sugar crystal contained molasses syrup with flavor and color
Brown Sugar
complex carbohydrates made of many chains of hundreds to thousands of glucose linked together
Starches
Process in which starches, heated in liquid absorb water and swell in size
Gelatinization
swells in water like sponge
Soluble fiber
Generally form the structural parts of plants
Insoluble fiber
a major form of lipid in food and in the body it is made of three acids attached to a glycerol backbone
Triglyceride
Classified as either saturated or unsaturated
Fats
A fatty acid that is filled to capacity with hydrogen. Solid in room temperature
Saturated Fatty acid
Fatty acid that contains only one double bond in the chain
Monounsaturated
Liquid at room temperature. lower melting point
Polyunsaturated
Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are found mostly in foods of plant origin and some fish and seafood.
Unsaturated Fats
are created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. Also known as partially hydrogenated oils
trans fats
resulting in undesirable flavors and colors
Rancidity
most abundant sterol, a class of lipids found in foods of animal origin
Cholesterol
recommended to keep your intake of saturated fat, cholesterol and trans fat as low as possible.
Dietary Recommendations
CHON
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Comes from the Latin word “vita” means “Life”
Vitamins
Organic components in food that are needed in very small amounts for growth and for maintaining food health
Vitamins
Vitamins that dissolve in fat
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins that dissolve in water
Water soluble vitamins
Group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds
Vitamins A
Group fat-soluble secosteroids. also called sunshine vitamins
Vitamins D
group of compounds that include both tocopherols and tocotrienols. also called anti-aging factor
Vitamins E
Group of structurally similar fat-soluble vitamins the human body needs for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation. Naturally produced by the bacteria
Vitamin K
prevent hemorrhage only in cases when there is defective production of prothrombin
Clotting
anti beri beri factor, anti neuritic factor. it is a colorless basic organic compound composed of sulfated pyramiding ring.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Beauty vitamin
Vitamin B2
Also known as Pantothenic acid
Vitamin B5
Group of chemically very similar compounds which can be interconnected in a biological system
Vitamins B6
Also known as vitamin H or coenzyme R
Vitamin B7
Folic acids, folacin or folate.
Vitamin B9
Complex organ matrix compound called as cobalamin
Vitamin B12
Also called ascorbic acid and antibiotic vitamin. Most active reducing agent
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Nutrients are needed in small amounts to perform various functions in the body.
Minerals
are required in the diet
Macrominerals
The largest (macro mineral ) found in the body. build and strengthen bones
Calcium
condition that results when bones become porous and fragile due to loss of calcium
Osteoporosis
Second largest macro mineral found in the body
Phosphorus
bones like calcium and phosphorus
Magnesium
Present in every cell in the body
Sulfur
Form of the mineral chlorine found in the body. found both outside and inside the cells
Chloride
Fluids outside the cells
Sodium
Found within the cells
potassium
in the body is in the blood
iron
carry oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body. make blood red
Hemoglobin
iron-containing protein- carries oxygen and carbon dioxide in muscle tissue
Myoglobin
Stores some iron in the body used to build red blood cells
Bone marrow
Hemoglobin and myoglobin of animal foods
Heme
Plants and animal foods
Nonheme
involved in most physiological human function
Zinc
Most iodine in the body is concentrated in thyroid gland
Iodine
thyroid produces a hormone. Help control body’s metabolism
Thyroxine
Important for strong, healthy bones and teeth
Fluoride
work with vitamin as anti oxidant and shown a role in some cancer prevention
selenium
Help the body make hemoglobin and collagen
Copper
Work with insulin in glucose metabolism
Chromium
Plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism and in normal skeletal development
Manganese
An essential part of several enzymes
Molybdenum
6 essential nutrients
Carbohydrates, protein, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, & water
Major component of our body
Water
