M1U3: RENAL FUNCTION TEST

Question 1

This refers to the portion of plasma that is filtered by the glomerulus

Answer 1

Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)

Question 2

how does renal plasma flow affect the volume of urine excreted

Answer 2

Decrease RPF Decrease Vol of urine excreted

Question 3

This is defined as the volume of plasma in millilliters from which a substance is completely removed/cleared in the kidneys per unit time

Answer 3

Renal Clearance

Question 4

a common component of kidney stones

Answer 4

Uric Acid

Question 5

Benzoic acid is eliminated from the body in this form

Answer 5

Hippuric acid

Question 6

This inorganic urine composition is derived from the protein metabolism from glutamine

Answer 6

Ammonium

Question 7

This inorganic component of urine is occurs primarily as sodium compounds that serve as buffers in blood

Answer 7

Phosphate

Question 8

This organic component of urine increases with a high vegetable diet

Answer 8

Hippuric acid

Question 9

___ takes into consideration the contribution of each solute particle to the overall value

Answer 9

Osmolality

Question 10

This test is considered as the reference method for determination of GFR

Answer 10

Inulin clearance test

Question 11

Why is inulin clearance test not reccomended for routine or periodic GFR determination ?

Answer 11

Expensive and not always commercially available

Question 12

What is the routine screening method for GFR

Answer 12

Creatinine clearance test

Question 13

How is creatinine similar to urea and different to it

Answer 13

Similar: high concentration in urine

Difference: it is the substance of choice for clearance test because it is produced at a constant rate resulting in a constant plasma concentration and urine excretion rate

Question 14

To address the variablity of creatinine clearance , values are normalised to the external body surface area of an average individual which is ___

Answer 14

1.73 m^2

Question 15

What specimen is required for creatinine determination ?

Answer 15

24-hour urine specimen and plasma specimen

Question 16

What medications can inhibit secretion of creatinine ?

Answer 16

Salicylates
Trimethoprim
Cimetidine

Question 17

These are serum markers of renal function

Answer 17

B2 - macroglobulin

cystatin C

Question 18

How are the serum markers of renal function related to the GFR ?

Answer 18

Increase in serum markers

Decrease in GFR

Question 19

This serum marker is a better marker of reduced tubular reabsorptive function than of glomerular function

Answer 19

B2 - microglobulin

Question 20

This serum marker is a potential marker for long-term monitoring of renal function

Answer 20

Cystatin C

Question 21

What are disadvantages of measuring cystatin C ?

Answer 21

Higher cost of analysis

Intraindividual variability

Question 22

These are used in visualizing glomerular filtration

Answer 22

Radionucleotides

Question 23

In visualising glomerular filtration what results for a faded plasma disappearance ?

Answer 23

Decrease in GFR

Question 24

What is usually the first function that is affected in renal diseases ?

Answer 24

Renal concentrating ability