Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AUBF LEC > M1U2: RENAL PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

M1U2: RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

how can the concept of ADH control be summarized ?

A

^body hydration vADH ^urine volume

vbody hydration ^ADH vurine volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is aldosterone correlated to the body’s sodium concentration ?

A

production of aldosterone is controlled by the body’s sodium concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the production of ADH deteremined by ?

A

by the state of body hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes the osmotic gradient of the renal medulla unique ?

A

only tissue in the human body that is hypertonic with respect to normal plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

this mechanism actively happens in the loops of henle

A

countercurrent multiplier mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

this mechanism passively happens and involves the vasa recta

A

countercurrent exchange mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the main purpose of the countercurret multiplier mechanism ?

A

maintain the gradient hypertonicity of the medullary interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the main purpose of the countercurrent exchange mechanism ?

A

providing nutrients to the medulla and remove water from the interstitium and distribute it to the rest of the body

consequently maintains tonicity of medullary interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the three mechanisms by which the tubules participate in maintaining blood pH within the normal range ?

A

Bicarbonate Recovery
Excretion via Titrable Acids
Excretion via Ammoniuim Salt Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which mechanism used to maintain blood pH within normal range involves the secretion of H+ ions in the proximal tubular lumen ?

A

bicrbonate recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which mechanism used to maintain blood pH within normal range involves neutral phosphate salts present in the tubular lumen ?

A

Excretion via Titrable Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which mechanism used to maintain blood pH within normal range depends on ammonia secretion and subsequent exchange of sodium for ammonium ions ?

A

Excretion via Ammonium Salt Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which mechanism used to maintain blood pH within normal range directly removes acids from the body while reabsorbing sodium and bicarbonate ions via peritubular capillaries ?

A

Excretion via Titrable Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between the ionized and non ionized form of ammonia in the extraction via ammonium salt formation mechanism ?

A

not ionized ammonia: lipid soluble, can readily diffuse through the cell membrane of tubular cells to the tubular lumen

ionized ammonia: cannot diffuse to the tubular cells, is excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Any deviation from __ pH-__ pH is considered pathologic

A

7.35 - 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to hydrogen ions in cases of alkalosis and acidosis ?

A

alkalosis: retained
acidosis: secreted

17
Q

How is plasma sodium related with blood pressure ?

A

↓ plasma Na => ↓ retention of water in circulation => ↓ overall blood volume => ↓ blood pressure

18
Q

what part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus detects a decrease in blood pressure ?

A

macula densa

19
Q

what does aldosterone stimulate in the RAAS ?

A

sodium reabsorption in the DCT and collecting ducts

20
Q

what does ADH stimulate in the RAAS ?

A

reabsorption of water in the DCT and collecting ducts

21
Q

what is the specific gravity of plasma ultrafiltrate and why ?

A

1.010, due to the lack of protein

22
Q

what makes plasma ultrafiltrate different from regular blood plasma ?

A

plasma ultrafiltrate is normally free of blood cells and protein

23
Q

What is the normal glomerular filtration rate ?

A

90 - 120 mL/minute

24
Q

how much ml of filtered plasma do the kidneys approximately process each day ? and the final urine volume ?

A

180,000 ml

600 - 1,800 mL

25
Q

Why is the shield of negativity important in the glomerulus ?

A

the negative charge repels most plasma proteins, thereby preventing its loss from the blood and accumulation on the filtration barrier

26
Q

What does the glomerulation filtration barrier consist of ?

A

capillary endothelium
basement membrane
filtration diaphragms/slits between podocytes

27
Q

what is the net pressure that forces substances out of the glomerulus ?

A

net filtration pressure of 10 mmHg

28
Q

what is resulted from the reduction of the size (diameter of lumen) of efferent arterioles and glomerular capillaries, forcing fluid to the bowman’s capsule ?

A

glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

29
Q

glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure forces to bowman’s capsule at a pressure of __ mmHg

A

55 mmHg

30
Q

what is the importance of glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure ?

A
  • maintains consistency of glomerular capillary pressure and renal blood flow within the glomerulus, therefore enhancing filtration
  • opposes capsular hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure known to limit the movement of ultrafiltrate through the glomerulus and tubules`
31
Q

what filtration pressure is exerted by the fluid in the Bowman’s space that opposes filtration ?

A

capsular hydrostatic pressure

32
Q

capsular hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration by __ mmHg

A

15 mmHg

33
Q

which filtration pressure is exerted by unfiltered proteins in the glomerular capillaries ?

A

blood colloid osmotic pressure/oncotic pressure

34
Q

oncotic pressure opposes filtration at a magnitude of __ mmHg

A

30 mmHg

35
Q

How would you calculate the net filtration pressure ?

A

glomerulus blood hydrostatic pressure - capsular hydrostatic pressure - oncotic pressure = net filtration pressure

55 mmHg - 15 mmHg - 30 mmHg = 10 mmHg

36
Q

how does the RAAS act as a feedback mechanism ?

A

↓ bp => A.A dilate; E.A constrict => prevent a marked decrease in blood flowing through the kidney => prevent ↑ in blood level of toxic waste products

↑bp => A.A constrict => prevent over filtration or damage to glomerulus

AUBF LEC (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions